<p>South Holston Lake is located near the cities of Abingdon, Virginia and Bristol, Virginia / Bristol, Tennessee, and is a 7,580 acre impoundment operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority . Much of the reservoir is in Tennessee, but the Virginia portion of the reservoir offers anglers more than 1,600 acre of water. At this time there is a South Holston Reservoir Fishing License that will allow anglers from the two states to fish the entire lake with the purchase of this license.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing and area information</h2><br>
<p>South Holston offers good fishing for a variety of species. Black bass, bluegill, crappie, walleye, sunfish, and catfish are a few of the most sought after species. Predatory fish have diverse and abundant forage in the form of alewives, gizzard shad, threadfin shad and shiners. The lake&#39;s shoreline habitats offer anglers a good diversity of structure including rock bluffs, shale banks and flat clay points. Anglers who prefer trolling will also find a good selection of open water structure ranging from mud flats to river channel drop-offs to submerged islands.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>Every year on the 4th of July, the area has a fireworks display in which the fireworks can be seen everywhere over the lake. There are also many fishing and boat racing events in the summer.</p><br>
<p>Lake Dutton, formerly known as Lake Gill, is a salt lake in the Australian state of South Australia located in the locality of Oakden Hills on the west side of the Stuart Highway, approximately 100 km north-west of Port Augusta in the state&#39;s Far North region.</p><br>
<p>It was named after artist S. T. Gill by explorer John Horrocks, who accompanied Horrocks and his party on an exploration trip to the north west of South Australia in 1846. It was also the location where Horrocks accidentally shot himself on 1 September 1846 and the injuries received caused his death on 23 September 1846.</p><br>
<p>The lake was discovered again by Benjamin Herschel Babbage who reported in July 1858 in a dispatch to Francis Dutton, the then Commissioner of Crown Lands reported that he had named this lake after the Commissioner. Babbage&#39;s name is the name that remains in official use.</p><br>
<p>The Senyavin Islands belong to the Federated States of Micronesia. They consist of a larger volcanic Pohnpei Island  and two small atolls Ant and Pakin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On Pohnpei, pre-colonial history is divided into three eras: Mwehin Kawa or Mwehin Aramas (Period of Building, or Period of Peopling, before ca. 1100); Mwehin Sau Deleur (Period of the Lord of Deleur, ca. 1100 to ca. 1628); and Mwehin Nahnmwarki (Period of the Nahnmwarki, ca. 1628 to ca. 1885). Pohnpeian legend recounts that the Saudeleur rulers, the first to bring government to Pohnpei, were of foreign origin. The Saudeleur centralized form of absolute rule is characterized in Pohnpeian legend as becoming increasingly oppressive over several generations. Arbitrary and onerous demands, as well as a reputation for offending Pohnpeian deities, sowed resentment among Pohnpeians. The Saudeleur Dynasty ended with the invasion of Isokelekel, another semi-mythical foreigner, who replaced the Saudeleur rule with the more decentralized nahnmwarki system in existence today.</p><br>
<p>For the Europeans these islands were discovered first by Pedro Fernández de Quirós In 1828 Russian navigator Fyodor Litke named the group after Russian admiral Dmitry Senyavin.</p><br>
<p>Nimrod Lake is a reservoir in western Arkansas, created by the construction of the Nimrod Dam. It is the oldest Corps of Engineers project in Arkansas, and was completed in 1942 on the Fourche LaFave River.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The lake is popular for sportsmen, mainly fishermen and hunters. The most common fish caught are crappie, largemouth bass, bream, white bass, and catfish. Recreation is also popular, especially water skiing, swimming, and boating. The Fourche LaFave River has its headwaters near "Y" City, Arkansas, and Boles. Fourche means fork in the French language, and LaFave is supposed to have been a French family that lived in the area. Nimrod Lake was named after Nimrod, the great grandson of Noah. Nimrod was a mighty hunter, and the lake was named after him because of the wildlife that surrounds the lake. Nimrod Lake is adjacent to the Scenic Byway 7 and is located between the Ouachita National Forest and the Ozark National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Project history</h2><br>
<p>Nimrod Dam was constructed during the end of the Great Depression, and the Beginning of World War II. Nimrod Lake was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1938. Engineers started preparing for a dam site in late 1939, preparing for the construction of the dam began in early 1940, and the actual construction started in mid-1940. Construction continued after the start of World War 2, and ended in March 1942. Nimrod Lake was the first lake made by the Little Rock District of the Corps of Engineers, and the first Corp lake in Arkansas. The total cost of the project was $3,773,000. Once the lake was completed, recreational opportunities became possible. Although recreation was not part of the project, it later became a significant part of Nimrod Lake. Camping, swimming, boating, and hunting are now popular activities on the lake. Nimrod Lake celebrated its golden anniversary in June 1992, the celebration honored the former construction workers, engineers, and contractors who helped make the lake possible.</p><br>
<p>Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States, was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, and completed in 1961. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is one of Wrights last works; construction was completed after his death. The design is informed by traditional Byzantine architectural forms, reinterpreted by Wright to suit the modern context. The churchs shallow scalloped dome echoes his Marin County Civic Center.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>According to architectural historian and Wright scholar Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, “When he received a commission for a church for the Milwaukee Hellenic Community, Wright consulted his wife, who was brought up in the Greek Orthodox faith, about the predominant symbols of the church. “The cross and the dome,” was her reply.” These two architectural forms dominate the design. The floor plan itself is a Greek cross. Wide arches support the upper level, or balcony. The roof dome sits atop an inverted dome, or bowl. Through simplification and abstraction of the forms, Wright succeeded in artfully translating the cross and the dome from their historical Byzantine context to the vastly dissimilar setting of the twentieth-century American Midwest.</p><br>
<p>While Wright’s design was inspired by traditional Byzantine forms and the Hagia Sophia in particular, the church was not meant as a purely historicist tribute; rather, it was an update and reinterpretation of architectural forms very much alive. In a letter dated September 9, 1958—when the project was well into the working drawings stages—Wright explained: “The edifice is in itself a complete work of modern art and science belonging to today but dedicated to ancient tradition—contributing to Tradition instead of living upon it.”</p><br>
<p>Barnston Island is an unincorporated island located in the Greater Vancouver metropolitan area of British Columbia, Canada. Most of the island is part of the Greater Vancouver Electoral Area A; the remainder is Barnston Island Indian Reserve No. 3, which is outside Electoral Area A limits and is under the governance of the Katzie First Nation, headquartered across the river at their main reserve in Pitt Meadows. Although the island is unincorporated and not officially part of any municipality, mailing addresses on the island use Surrey as the city name.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Fraser River between Surrey and Pitt Meadows, Barnston Island was named in 1827 for Hudsons Bay Company Clerk George Barnston. The island has no direct road access to the rest of the area. It is accessed through the Barnston Island Ferry, a short 5-minute ferry route from Surrey on 104 Avenue across Parsons Channel; the ferry ride is free. Barnston Island&#39;s main road travels along the perimeter of the island.</p><br>
<p>Barnston Island contains mostly farmland and is home to a total population of 155 people (2001 census), 46 of whom live on the Barnston Island 3 Indian Reserve, located near the southeast part of the island. Statistics Canada defines the island as Vancouver CMA Census Tract 0251.00 of British Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>Agricultural Land Reserve</h2><br>
<p>In 2004, a group of landowners applied to the provincial Agricultural Land Commission to have approximately 85% of the land outside the Indian reserve removed from the Agricultural Land Reserve. On July 19, 2006 the Commission rejected the application.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>The island was named for George Barnston, a Hudson&#39;s Bay Company clerk, who travelled with Chief Factor James McMillan to found Fort Langley in 1827.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Barnston Island first received electricity in 1938, following the laying of an underwater cable between Port Kells and the south side of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>Barnston Island is home to several local companies, including: Apollo Cranberries;.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>There are no schools on Barnston Island. K-12 education of Barnston Island residents is provided by School District 36 Surrey. Students are zoned to Bothwell Elementary and Fraser Heights Secondary School.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics (Barnston Island Indian Reserve No. 3)</h2><br>
<p>In the 2011 Census, Statistics Canada originally reported that Barnston Island 3 had a population of 0 living in 1 of its 1 total dwellings, a -100.0% change from its 2006 population of 49. Statistics Canada subsequently amended the 2011 census results to a population of 47 living in 18 of its 18 total dwellings, a -4.3% change from 2006. With a land area of 0.58 km&sup2, it had a population density of in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Iona Island in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada was formerly an island, but is now a peninsula physically connected to Sea Island via a causeway and Ferguson Road. Iona is home to a primary sewage treatment plant , an animal refuge and a park .</p><br>
<p>The Iona Sewage Plant is located near the centre of the island and has tours for the public.</p><br>
<p>Iona Beach Regional Park also features a beach adjacent to wildlife from the nearby animal refuge. The park is managed by Metro Vancouver.</p><br>
<p>Iona Island is located almost adjacent to the Vancouver International Airport.</p><br>
<h2>Jetties</h2><br>
<p>Two jetties stretch out into the Strait of Georgia from Iona Island:</p><br>
<p>* Iona Jetty, the south jetty, juts out nearly 4 km into the Strait; recreational visitors can walk or cycle on the twin gravel trails atop and beside the large sewage pipe that stretches the length of the jetty.</p><br>
<p>* North Arm Jetty, the north jetty, while longer, is not as popular; it is a sandy bar (as opposed to the gravel and concrete structure of Iona Jetty) that stretches towards the northwest, running parallel to the Vancouver shoreline and terminating at the University Endowment Lands, almost directly across from the University of British Columbia campus.</p><br>
<p>The jetties are owned by the Government of Canada.</p><br>
<p>The Mezha  is a river in Nelidovsky, Zharkovsky, and Zapadnodvinsky Districts of Tver Oblast and Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast in Russia. It flows out of the Valdai Hills and continues west into the Western Dvina. The town of Nelidovo and the urban-type settlement of Zharkovsky are located along the Mezha. It is 259 km long, and the area of its basin 9,080 km&sup2;. Its main tributaries are the Bereza, the Luchesa, the Obsha, and the Yelsha .</p><br>
<p>The source of the Mezha is in the north-western part of Nelidovsky District, within the Central Forest Nature Reserve, a highly protected natural area. It flows south, downstream of the town of Nelidovo turns southwest and crosses into Zharkovsky District. It accepts the Obsha from the left and turns west. Downstream of the urban-type settlement of Zharkovsky it turns northwest. Further downstream, the Mezha flows southwest making the border between Zharkovsky and Zapadnodvinsky Districts, and west making the border between Tver and Smolensk Oblasts. The mouth of the Mezha is the triple point where Tver, Smolensk, and Pskov Oblasts join together.</p><br>
<p>The drainage basin of the Mezha includes the whole area of Belsky District of Tver Oblast, the major parts of Nelidovsky and Zharkovsky Districts, the western part of Oleninsky District, also of Tver Oblast, and the eastern part of Zapadnodvinsky District, as well as the western part of Sychyovsky District and northern parts of Kholm-Zhirkovsky, Dukhovshchinsky, Demisovsky, and Velizhsky Districts of Smolensk Oblast.</p><br>
<p>The Tagliamento is a braided river in north-east Italy, flowing from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea at a point between Trieste and Venice. The source is in the Mauria Pass, on the border between the regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In the upper section, it flows through the historic Carnia region, in the northern part of the province of Udine. In the middle and lower sections, it first sets the boundary between the provinces of Udine and Pordenone and later between the former and the Province of Venice. Finally, it flows into the Gulf of Venice between Lignano Sabbiadoro and Bibione.</p><br>
<p>The watershed covers an area of 2,916 km&sup2; with a population of approximately 165,000. The watershed lies almost entirely in Carnia and the other mountain valleys of Friuli. 86.5% of the watershed is in the Province of Udine.</p><br>
<p>The main towns along its banks are Latisana and San Michele al Tagliamento. In the vicinity of the river are the following towns: Tolmezzo, Gemona del Friuli, San Daniele del Friuli, Spilimbergo, Casarsa della Delizia, Codroipo, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pinzano al Tagliamento.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The source is at an elevation of 1,195 m in the Veneto region (Lorenzago di Cadore) in the Province of Belluno near the border with the Province of Udine, north-west of Forni di Sopra close to the Mauria Pass.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the river&#39;s course is in a west to east direction, parallel to the Carnic Alps range.</p><br>
<p>The first tributary of note is the Lumiei, which enters the Tagliamento from the left at a distance of 26 km from the source.</p><br>
<p>The river passes through Pinzano and courses in a southward direction, while spreading across the plain reaching a width of 3 km near Spilimbergo and splitting into a number of branches. Its gravelly bed is very permeable, and it absorbs almost all its waters, but the river recovers most of the flow downstream of Codroipo and Casarsa, thanks to abundant flows from underground rivers.</p><br>
<p>From here onwards, the river bed distinctly narrows to 180 m and starts to meander because of the reduced slope.</p><br>
<p>Before ending its course, the river receives the waters of a small underground river, the Varmo. Finally, the river flows into the Adriatic Sea between the Lagoons of Marano and Caorle.</p><br>
<h2>Names</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the Italian name Tagliamento, the river is known by different names in other languages of the region. The Friulan official name for the river is Tiliment; other local variants include Taiament, Tilimint, Tiument, Timent, and Tuement. In Venetian, the river is known as Tajamento, in Slovene, Tilment, and in Latin, Tiliaventum or Taliamentum. It was known as Dülmende in German during the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>Blairquhan  is a Regency era castle near Maybole in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It was the historic home of the Hunter-Blair Baronets and remained in the family&#39;s possession until 2012, when it was sold to a Chinese company.</p><br>
<p>Blairquhan is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Four different families have lived at Blairquhan or on its lands. The McWhirters built the first tower house about 1346. The Kennedys then inherited the estate through marriage and built the remainder of the old castle about 1573. In the early 17th century the Whitefords took over, but in 1798, suffering the effects of a bank crash, they sold Blairquhan to Sir David Hunter Blair, 3rd Baronet, the second son of Sir James Hunter Blair, 1st Baronet who had married Jean Blair, the daughter and heiress of John Blair of Dunskey in Wigtownshire in 1770. When Jean Blair inherited her father’s estate in 1777, the family took the additional surname of Blair.</p><br>
<p>In 1820, Sir David commissioned Scottish architect William Burn to design a new house on Blairquhan. The old castle, which had become ruinous due to previous fires and neglect, was torn down for a new the Tudor-style castle, which nevertheless incorporated some of the decorative mouldings and sculpted stones from the old castle into the kitchen courtyard of the new house. The new mansion was completed in 1824, and contains many antiques and an important collection of paintings by Scottish artists. In late 2012, Sir Patrick David Hunter-Blair, 9th Baronet, sold Blairquhan to Ganten Scotland, a subsidiary of a Chinese company which bottles mineral water for distribution around the world.</p><br>
<h2>The estate and grounds</h2><br>
<p>Blairquhan is approached from the north via a 3 mi drive along the River Girvan. The late James Hunter Blair (1926–2004), younger brother and heir presumptive of Sir Edward Hunter-Blair, 8th Baronet (1920-2006), was a noted horticulturalist and forester who spent most of his life restoring the castle and preserving the estate grounds, which includes veteran trees and a walled garden. An ancient sycamore which stands in the shadow of the castle is thought to be a Dule Tree, planted early in the 16th century during the reign of King James V of Scotland. The once-spreading crown was heavily pruned in 1997, saving the much-weakened trunk from total collapse.</p><br>
<h2>As a tourist attraction</h2><br>
<p>To help offset operating costs, James Hunter Blair opened the 2,000 acre estate as a venue for private functions such as weddings, corporate outings and filming. The current owners continue this operation, offering the castle as an exclusive use venue. Blairquhan was seen in the UK television programme Beauty and the Geek. Its interiors and grounds were also used as a substitute location for Balmoral Castle in the Oscar-winning 2006 film The Queen, starring Helen Mirren.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Cowlyd is the deepest lake in north Wales. It lies in the Snowdonia National Park at the upper end of Cwm Cowlyd on the south-eastern edge of the Carneddau range of mountains, at a height of 1,164 ft above sea level. The lake is long and narrow, measuring nearly 2 mi long and about a third of a mile  wide, and covers an area of 269 acre. It has a mean depth of 109 ft and at its deepest has given soundings of 229 ft, this being some 45 ft greater than its natural depth, the water surface having been raised twice by the building of dams.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding hills drop steeply to the water&#39;s edge, from Cefn Cyfarwydd and Creigiau Gleision to the east, and Pen Llithrig y Wrach to the west, and as a consequence have not been forested in the 20th century, as were the slopes of neighbouring Llyn Crafnant. Indeed there is not a tree to be seen, and the general aspect is one of bleakness. Dependent on the weather conditions, the waters often appear dark.</p><br>
<p>The supply of water to Llyn Cowlyd is assisted at its south-western end by a leat which runs roughly east–west along the 1370-foot contour to the south and west of the lake, along the Llugwy valley. It is also fed by water from Llyn Eigiau.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Cowlyd can be reached by road from Trefriw, some 3 mi to the east, although the metalled road stops at a gate, the best part of a mile from the lake itself, beyond which private vehicles are not permitted. Llyn Cowlyd can also be reached by foot from Capel Curig, some 2 mi away, from the ridge of Cefn Cyfarwydd, or from above Dolgarrog. A good path runs along the north-western shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The stream which flows from Llyn Cowlyd is called Afon Ddu. This flows into the river Conwy, passing Pont Dolgarrog on the B5106 road, just south of the village of Dolgarrog. The gorge cut by the river at this point is popular for gorge walking.</p><br>
<h2>Origins of the name</h2><br>
<p>Some sources state that the name Cowlyd comes from "Cawlwyd" or "Cawllwyd". Algernon Herbert&#39;s book Britannia after the Romans refers to Caw, Lord or Chieftain of Cwm Cawllwyd. "Cwm Cawllwyd" could therefore translate as The Cwm of Grey Caw.</p><br>
<p>Further research suggests that the name might derive originally from Caw ap Geraint Llyngesog ab Erbin ap Custennin Gorneu ap Cynfor ap Tudwal, the famous warrior who features in Culhwch and Olwen. Caw&#39;s son Celyn ap Caw had a watchtower, Tŵr Celyn, near the Copper mountain, on Anglesey.</p><br>
<p>The Ordnance Survey map of 1841 records the name as "Cwlyd", as does the National Gazetteer of 1868.</p><br>
<h2>Reservoir</h2><br>
<p>The lake is a reservoir, providing water for the towns of Conwy and Colwyn Bay, having been purchased for £55,000 by the Conwy and Colwyn Bay Joint Water Supply Board, a company set up in 1891, via a pipe network some 40 mi long. However, these pipes are underground, their presence only given away by the chamber covers at Siglen, and the occasional isolated pump-house along the route. These water supply pipes should not be confused with the large (5 ft 10 in diameter) black pipeline which runs for 5 miles from the dam to Dolgarrog, and serves the power station there, built in 1925, to support the aluminum works. During World War II a shepherd called Wil Roberts was paid a nominal sum of money to check the pipeline for bomb damage or any signs of sabotage. His only find was a crashed Anson aircraft in February 1944.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Cowlyd is one of two reservoirs which supply hydro-electricity to the aluminium works at Dolgarrog. The other is Llyn Eigiau, which was physically connected to Llyn Cowlyd by a tunnel in 1919, and this is the water which flows into the lake by the dam. Water also flows from Llyn Eigiau more directly to Dolgarrog via Afon Porth-llwyd and Coedty reservoir. Llyn Eigiau lies a mile to the north of Llyn Cowlyd, and its water rights were at the time owned by the Aluminium Corporation Limited.</p><br>
<p>The history of electricity production at Dolgarrog is tied up with that of Henry Joseph Jack (1869-1936), who was chairman of the North Wales Power and Traction Co. Ltd, and who had a dream of using this new power source to power the narrow gauge railways in North Wales. The NWPTC was the company behind the Portmadoc, Beddgelert and South Snowdon Railway (to later become the Welsh Highland Railway) and he became Chairman of the Festiniog Railway during July 1921, putting him in control of all the passenger carrying narrow-gauge railways of that part of North Wales. In addition to this, in 1922 he became a director of the Snowdon Mountain Railway which was also part of the Dolgarrog empire.</p><br>
<h2>Dam</h2><br>
<p>Llyn Cowlyd has a 45-foot-high (14m) dam at its north-eastern end, which consists of a rock and earth embankment with a concrete core. A concrete and stone apron protects the dam from wave action, which comes from the direction of the prevailing winds. The dam, which was built some 300 yards (274m) downstream of a lower, earlier one, was completed in 1921, and was officially opened on 20 September 1922.</p><br>
<p>During construction of Cowlyd dam, electricity for the winches was provided by the North Wales Power and Traction Co. Ltd&#39;s power station at Cwm Dyli, near Snowdon. The remains of the pole route along the western shore of the lake can be seen today.</p><br>
<p>Stone for the dam came from an adjacent quarry, some mile to the north of the dam site. A short incline was constructed for transfer of stone, and it ran directly from the quarry down to the dam. Remains today suggest that this was poorly constructed, but its line is easily followed, and is clearly evident from, for instance, the summit of Creigiau Gleision. A later vehicle route also winds from the dam to the quarry. Remains of the winding drum can still be seen.</p><br>
<p>Construction workers lived in wooden barracks, a number of which afterwards found their way back to the Trefriw and Dolgarrog area to be converted into homes, and are still lived in.</p><br>
<h3>Llyn Cowlyd Tramway</h3><br>
<p>Construction of the dam was assisted by the construction of a narrow gauge 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railway line, known as the Llyn Cowlyd Tramway, which was used to convey men and materials to the reservoir for construction and subsequent maintenance purposes. The line ran from near Coedty reservoir, above Dolgarrog, up as far as the dam. This tramway was essentially a branch line of the Eigiau Tramway, laid to aid construction of the dam at nearby Llyn Eigiau.</p><br>
<h3>Failure of the dam</h3><br>
<p>During a storm on 31 December 1924, there was a partial failure of the dam when the downstream side was washed out. The damage was kept fairly secret, and rebuilding it provided more useful work for the tramway.</p><br>
<p>This partial dam failure of the Cowlyd Dam should not be confused with that of the Dolgarrog Disaster of 1925, when the failure of the Eigiau Dam released water which went on to overtop the Coedty Dam, above Dolgarrog. This second dam also failed, releasing the huge volume of water that flooded Dolgarrog, killing 16 people.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Fly fishing (by permit) is permitted in the lake, which contains brown trout and Arctic char, originally taken from Llyn Peris, in Llanberis, when that lake was drained as part of the construction of Dinorwig Power Station.</p><br>
<h2>Myths and fables</h2><br>
<p>According to the Mabinogion, the most ancient of Celtic literature written in the 14th century in the Red Book of Hergest, but orally dating back much further, the area was inhabited by more wildlife than seems to be there today. In one of the oldest stories, namely Culhwch and Olwen, Culhwch is obliged to perform some difficult labours, as set by the giant Ysbaddaden in order to win the hand of his daughter Olwen in marriage. In a smart move, Culhwch recruits King Arthur, his first cousin. One of the tasks is to find the lost Mabon, son of Modron, and a number of mythical beasts are consulted, one of whom is the Owl of Cwm Cowlyd. The owl narrates the history of its Cwm, and if any of it is to be believed, it confirms that the valley was once wooded (as was most of Snowdonia), but that the first clearing took place much earlier than mediaeval times, which is more unusual.</p><br>
<p>The following extract is taken from the Mabinogion:</p><br>
<p>Another myth is that of the water bull who appears from the depths with "fiery horns and hoofs with flames issuing out of its nostrils".</p><br>
<p>Other tales talk of solitary walkers who have been dragged to their death, and of fairies, namely the Welsh Tylwyth Teg.</p><br>
<h2>Poetry</h2><br>
<p>The poet R. S. Thomas makes reference to the Mabinogions Owl of Llyn Cowlyd in his poem "The Ancients of the World".</p><br>
<p>Gwilym Cowlyd (1828–1904), whose real name was William John Roberts, was a native of Trefriw, and one of the more colourful figures in Welsh culture and the Welsh Eisteddfod. His bardic name was taken from neighbouring Llyn Cowlyd.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Crafnant is a lake that lies in a valley in North Wales where the northern edge of the Gwydir Forest meets the lower slopes of the Carneddau mountains and, more specifically, the ridge of Cefn Cyfarwydd. The head of the valley offers a profile of crags which are silhouetted at sunset. The Forest Park guide  states that "the  is one of the most breathtaking views in all Snowdonia". The summits include Crimpiau 475 metres  and Craig Wen 548 metres , which provide views to Moel Siabod and the Ogwen Valley, and Snowdon. Further up is Creigiau Gleision. At 63 acre it is the best part of a mile long, although it was clearly once much longer - its southern end shows the evidence of centuries of silting. Jehu’s survey  recorded a maximum depth of 71 ft.</p><br>
<p>Crafnant takes its name from “craf”, an old Welsh word for garlic, and “nant”, a stream or valley.</p><br>
<p>The lake can be reached by car only from Trefriw in the Conwy valley, though many visitors walk there from the village or from the neighbouring lake of Llyn Geirionydd, which runs parallel to it, but a mile distant, the two being separated by Mynydd Deulyn – “mountain of the two lakes”. The lake can also be reached on foot from Capel Curig.</p><br>
<p>There is a Forestry Commission car park with toilets, which is reached just before the lake itself, and the lakeside cafe (open from Easter until late summer) offers car parking for patrons. The lake is a popular fishing spot, and is kept stocked with brown trout and rainbow trout. From the cafe it is possible to hire boats for fishing or for pleasure. Private boating and swimming is not permitted.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a reservoir, and was dammed at its northern end in 1874, but the dam itself is barely visible as the outflow plunges down steeply from it. By the outflow is an obelisk, erected in 1896 by the inhabitants of Llanrwst which commemorates "the gift to that town of this lake with 19 acre of land" by Richard James. The lake is leased to the owners of what is now the cafe.</p><br>
<p>In the upper part of the valley there is no mains water connection and during the particularly dry summer of 2006 many properties were without water.</p><br>
<p>The River Crafnant ("Afon Crafnant" in Welsh) joins the River Conwy at Trefriw, but not before some of it has been diverted to pass through the Trefriw Woollen Mills to generate hydro-electricity for the machinery.</p><br>
<p>Cornel, a large property in 25 acre on the southern banks of the lake, is owned and operated by the Welsh Scout Council.</p><br>
<p>Areas around the lake have been used for location shots in Hollyoaks, Tomb Raider II, the 1981 fantasy movie Dragonslayer, and the lake also appeared briefly in the 1966 film Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment.</p><br>
<p>Lusk Reservoir is located next to Michie Stadium at the United States Military Academy at West Point. It is open for fishing in the Spring and early Fall, and usually freezes over during the winter months. The volume of the reservoir is required knowledge of all freshmen  at the Military Academy. It is one aspect of what is known as Academy Heritage. When asked the question: "How many gallons in Lusk Reservoir?" plebes are expected to respond "78 e6USgal when the water is flowing over the spillway." Its surface elevation is 327 feet  above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was constructed by Captain James L. Lusk (USMA 1878) in 1895. In the spring of 2006, the dam underwent its first cleaning in 111 years by the US Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>Florence National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Florence, South Carolina. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 24.9 acre, and as of 2014, had over 9,000 interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was originally created on land appropriated, and later purchased, by the federal government. The land was first owned by James H. Jarrott and was a quarter of a mile from the Florence Stockade. It became a National Cemetery in 1865, and remains from nearby Civil War battlefield cemeteries were transferred and reinterred there.</p><br>
<p>Florence National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Florena Budwin, a woman who donned a Union uniform and pretended to be a man so she could serve alongside her husband, who was a Captain, in the Civil War. Her husband was killed and she was captured by the Confederate forces, and served as a nurse at the Florence prisoner of war camp until her death.</p><br>
<p>Boatswain&#39;s Mate First Class James Elliott Williams, Medal of Honor recipient for action in the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Geirionydd lies in a valley in North Wales where the northern edge of the Gwydyr Forest meets the lower slopes of the Carneddau mountains. The lake is almost a mile long and covers an area of 45 acre, but is never any deeper than 50 ft according to Jehu’s survey. The lake can be reached by car from Trefriw or Llanrwst in the Conwy valley, the lane passing through the hamlet of Llanrhychwyn, or from the road through the Gwydir Forest. Access is not particularly easy by either route, but this has not stopped the lake being the only one designated in Snowdonia to permit power boats and water skiing. Many visitors also walk to the lake from the village of Trefriw  or from the neighbouring lake of Llyn Crafnant, which runs parallel to it, but a mile distant, the two being separated by Mynydd Deulyn, “mountain of the two lakes”.</p><br>
<p>The lake has a car park (with toilets) and the location is very popular in the summer. This car park site was once a waste tip site for the Pandora mine above, and indeed the planting of conifers in the area of the lake has considerably softened the effects of mining. There are few, if any, fish in the lake, and this, it is believed, is the result of the poisoning of the waters from the adjacent metal mines.</p><br>
<p>Afon Geirionydd, the outflow of Llyn Geirionydd, flows down a steep gorge—Geirionydd Gorge—which is popular for gorge walking. At the bottom of this gorge are the remains of Klondyke mill, which was powered by water from the river. This mill, apart from processing its own metals (which did not amount to much), also received lead and zinc ore from the Pandora mine, and the route of the tramway from that mine ran partly along the route of the lakeside road (which did not exist at the time), and can be clearly seen running between the road and the lake along the northern half of the lake where the road rises somewhat. This tramway continues to a point above Klondyke mill, from where wagons entered the mine via an aerial ropeway. This last part of the tramway is a right of way which runs above the valley, eventually reaching Trefriw. Below Klondyke Mill Afon Geirionydd joins Afon Crafnant, the outflow from neighbouring Llyn Crafnant, which itself is a tributary of the River Conwy.</p><br>
<p>The current road follows what some believe to be part of Sarn Helen, the Roman road which ran southwards from the fort at Canovium (Caerhun, between Trefriw and Conwy) to the fort at Tomen y Mur (near Trawsfynydd), and beyond, ultimately reaching Moridunum (Carmarthen).</p><br>
<p>The nearest settlement to Llyn Geirionydd is the hamlet of Llanrhychwyn, which has connections with Llywelyn Fawr, a Welsh prince, who had a hunting lodge in Trefriw, but who used Llanrhychwyn church, regarded by many to be the oldest church in Wales.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Geirionydd has a number of literary connections:</p><br>
<p>Ieuan Glan Geirionydd (1795–1855) was born on the banks of Afon Geirionydd, and he was renowned for his poetry and hymns.</p><br>
<p>Taliesin (c. 534–c.599), was a 6th-century Welsh bard, and the earliest poet of the Welsh language whose work has survived. He was an inhabitant of the area, living on the shores of Llyn Geirionydd, and this is also where many say he is buried. The Red Book of Hergest XVII contains the line "I being Taliesin, from the borders of the lake of Geirionnydd." Some sources claim that he was also born in this area, but it is more likely that he was born in Powys, as demonstrated by the contemporary poems to Cynan Garwyn, King of Powys.</p><br>
<p>John Roberts (1828–1904) was a native of neighbouring Trefriw, and he used that name in his job as a printer and bookseller. In Eisteddfodau he would assume the bardic name of Gwilym Cowlyd. He was critical of the Anglicization of the Eisteddfodau and in 1865 he founded a separate festival to rival the big National Eisteddfod, and called it Arwest Glan Geirionydd (‘Music Festival on the Banks of the River Geirionydd’), and the meeting point was Bryn y Caniadau (hill of verse). The Taliesin Memorial by Llyn Geirionydd commemorates these Eisteddfodau, although the memorial is not actually on Bryn y Caniadau itself (which is a little further back from the lake).</p><br>
<p>David Francis (1865–1929) made his name as “The Blind Harpist of Meirion” at these alternative Eisteddfodau.</p><br>
<p>duels in 1817)</p><br>
<p>Joshua Barton vs. Thomas C. Rector (1823)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Biddle vs. Spencer Darwin Pettis (1831)</p><br>
<p>Abraham Lincoln vs. James Shields (1842)</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Gratz Brown vs. Thomas C. Reynolds (1856)</p><br>
<p>first duel</p><br>
<p>Charles Lucas, killed in second duel</p><br>
<p>Joshua Barton, killed</p><br>
<p>Thomas Biddle vs. Spencer Darwin Pettis, both killed</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Gratz Brown, wounded</p><br>
<p>Bloody Island was a sandbar or "towhead" (river island) in the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Missouri, which became densely wooded and a rendezvous for duelists because it was considered "neutral" and not under Missouri or Illinois control.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After its first appearance above water in 1798, its continuous growth menaced the harbor of St. Louis. In 1837 Capt. Robert E. Lee, of USA Army Engineers, devised and established a system of dikes and dams that washed out the western channel and ultimately joined the island to the Illinois shore.</p><br>
<p>The south end of the island is now under the Poplar Street Bridge at the site of a train yard. Samuel Wiggins bought 800 acre around the island in the early 19th century and operated a ferry between East St. Louis and St. Louis (at one point using an 8-horse team on the ferry to provide the propulsion). The Wiggins Ferry Service would develop the train yards which in the 1870s carted train cars across the river one at a time until the Eads Bridge opened in 1879. The train yard is now owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis.</p><br>
<h2>Notable duels</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Hart Benton and Charles Lucas (twice) in 1817 - Benton and Lucas were both attorneys, and had taken opposing sides in a land dispute. In the midst of the trial, Benton insulted Lucas by calling him an outright liar. A few weeks later, during a local election, Lucas accused Benton of not having a right to vote because he had not paid his property tax. Benton responded to this accusation by calling Lucas a "little puppy" and a character of little significance. When Lucas was informed of Bentons insult, he challenged Benton to a duel. In the initial encounter Lucas was shot in the throat and Benton was grazed in the knee. Although both parties had achieved satisfaction under the dictates of the Code Duello, Benton demanded that they shoot again. Eventually, Benton was talked out of a second round, but when Lucas—having healed from his wound—started to change the story to support his character over Bentons, Benton challenged him to a second duel and summarily killed him.</p><br>
<p>Joshua Barton and Thomas C. Rector - June 30, 1823 - Barton was the first Missouri Secretary of State, a St. Louis federal district attorney, and brother of Senator David Barton. He had been Lucas second in Lucass two duels with Thomas Hart Benton (see above). Senator Barton was critical of reappointing Rector&#39;s brother William Rector Surveyor General in regards to the survey of the Louisiana Purchase territory. Barton published the charges in the St. Louis Republican and was challenged by Rector to a duel. Barton was killed and Rector escaped unhurt. President James Madison would not reappoint Rector. Rector would die two years later in a knife fight.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Biddle and Spencer Darwin Pettis — August 26, 1831 — One of the most famous duels to occur on Bloody Island, it is often cited as an example of the theory that "all politics is local." Pettis, a staunch Jacksonian Democrat, challenged Biddle, brother of banker Nicholas Biddle, because Biddle had publicly humiliated Pettis. Because the Code Duello stated that the particulars of the duel were to be decided by the "challengee," Biddle, who was nearsighted, chose Bloody Island and a distance of five feet. It is argued that Biddle thought such a close distance would convince Pettis not to go through with the duel, but Pettis was undeterred. They fired at five feet, and both were killed.</p><br>
<p>Abraham Lincoln and James Shields — September 22, 1842 — Lincoln, who was a Whig, had written a letter highly critical of Shields, a Democrat, that was published in the Springfield, Illinois newspaper, the Sangamo Journal. Shields was outraged, enough to challenge Lincoln to a duel. Lincoln chose cavalry sabers, which would give him the edge. Having the strength and height advantage, Lincoln lopped a branch off a tree. The bloodless duel ended, when the friends of the duellists, convinced them to make a truce.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Gratz Brown and Thomas C. Reynolds — August 26, 1856 — Brown at the time was editor of the St. Louis Democrat and Reynolds was United States Attorney in St. Louis. Reynolds, who opposed emancipation, challenged Brown, who favored it. Brown was shot in the leg and limped for the rest of his life; Reynolds was not hurt. The duel was called the "Duel of the Governors" because Reynolds would become the state&#39;s Confederate governor and Brown would be elected governor after the war.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Dictionary of American History by James Truslow Adams, New York: Charles Scribner&#39;s Sons, 1940</p><br>
<p>Mark Neels, "The Barbarous Custom of Dueling," in The Lindenwood Confluence (Fall, 2010).</p><br>
<p>Selge  was an important city in Pisidia, on the southern slope of Mount Taurus, modern Antalya Province, Turkey, at the part where the river Eurymedon River forces its way through the mountains towards the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town was believed to be a Greek colony, for Strabo states that it was founded by Spartans, but adds the somewhat unintelligible remark that previously it had been founded by Calchas. The acropolis of Selge bore the name of Kesbedion. The district in which the town was situated was extremely fertile, producing abundance of oil and wine, but the town itself was difficult of access, being surrounded by precipices and beds of torrents flowing towards the Eurymedon and Cestrus (today Aksu), and requiring bridges to make them passable. In consequence of its excellent laws and political constitution, Selge rose to the rank of the most powerful and populous city of Pisidia, and at one time was able to send an army of 20,000 men into the field. Owing to these circumstances, and the valour of its inhabitants, for which they were regarded as worthy kinsmen of the Spartans, the Selgians were never subject to any foreign power, but remained in the enjoyment of their own freedom and independence. When Alexander the Great passed through Pisidia (333 BC), Selge sent an embassy to him and gained his favour and friendship. At that time they were at war with Termessos.</p><br>
<p>At the period when Achaeus had made himself master of Western Asia, Selge were at war with Pednelissus, which was besieged by them; and Achaeus, on the invitation of Pednelissus, sent a large force against Selge (218 BC). After a long and vigorous siege, the Selgians, being betrayed and despairing of resisting Achaeus any longer, sent deputies to sue for peace, which was granted to them on the following terms: they agreed to pay immediately 400 talents, to restore the prisoners of Pednelissus, and after a time to pay 300 talents in addition. We now have for a long time no particulars about the history of Selge; in the 5th century AD Zosimus calls it indeed a little town, but it was still strong enough to repel a body of Goths. It is strange that Pliny does not notice Selge, for we know from its coins that it was still a flourishing town in the time of Hadrian; and it is also mentioned in Ptolemy and Hierocles. Independently of wine and oil, the country about Selge was rich in timber, and a variety of trees, among which the storax was much valued from its yielding a strong perfume. Selge was also celebrated for an ointment prepared from the iris root.</p><br>
<h2>Remains</h2><br>
<p>The remains of the city consist mainly of parts of the encircling wall and of the acropolis. A few traces have survived of the gymnasium, the stoa, the stadium and the basilica. There are also the outlines of two temples, but the best conserved monument is the theater, restored in the 3rd century AD. Selge was the seat of a bishop; it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>Halfway on the road to Selge from the Pamphylian coastal plain, a well-preserved Roman Bridge crosses the deep Eurymedon valley.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Crag is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, it is situated near the village of Stonethwaite where the valleys of Langstrath and Greenup join. Impressive walls of crag look down upon Stonethwaite, making Eagle Crag the most arresting sight from that settlement. It can be climbed direct by the average walker, picking a route between the rock faces.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The fell has not been given an official height by the Ordnance Survey and is given various heights by several other sources ranging between 520 and 525 metres. Bill Birkett gives the fell a height of 521 metres (1,709 ft) in his Complete Lakeland Fells. Alfred Wainwright gave the height at 1,650 feet (503 metres) approx in his Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells in 1958, in which he writes:</p><br>
<p>Eagle Crag is part of the craggy termination of the northern ridge of the higher fell of High Raise and it presents a spectacular sight when viewed from the Stonethwaite valley. It is linked to Sergeant&#39;s Crag which is just under a kilometre away to the south by a ridge along which runs a dry stone wall which acts as navigation guide for walkers between the two tops.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit area is formed of the welded rhyolitic lapilli-tuff, tuff and breccia of the Crinkle Member. Patches of rhyolite outcrop lower down the slope.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>A small cairn marks the summit, balanced on a tilted slab of rock, with crags a few yards distant to west and north. A corner in the dry stone wall is a couple of minutes walk away southward. The view from the top of the fell is best to the north and west with Borrowdale and the Langstrath valley and the fells around them being well seen.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Crag is usually climbed from Stonethwaite; it can be combined with the higher fells of High Raise and Ullscarf as well as the nearby Sergeant’s Crag. A direct ascent of the fell seems to be impossible when it is viewed from the Stonethwaite valley, with vertical walls of crags seemingly barring the way. However, a route can be found through the crags to attain the summit directly. Descents by this route are not recommended because of the dangerous crags which cannot be seen from above. An easier ascent follows the bridleway up Greenup Gill; this well-blazed trail is part of Wainwright’s Coast to Coast Walk. The route leaves the bridleway at height of 330 metres and attains the fell by cutting back on itself and climbing steep grassy slopes to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Rock climbing</h2><br>
<p>The crags directly beneath the summit are used by rock climbers with climbs graded in the extreme and very severe categories.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist is the episcopal see of the Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Milwaukee Landmark. It is located just east of Cathedral Square Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Archbishop John Henni purchased land for the cathedral in 1844. The cornerstone was laid on December 5, 1847, after nearly $30,000 was raised for construction. It was completed in 1852 and dedicated to John the Evangelist. The building was designed by architect Victor Schulte in the nineteenth-century Zopfstil style and built using Cream City brick, a distinct light colored brick found locally.</p><br>
<p>The original tower was deemed unsafe and the section above the clock was replaced with a taller tower in 1893, which was designed by noted Milwaukee architects George Ferry & Alfred Clas. A fire partially destroyed the church and most of its contents in January 1935. Only the tower remained fully intact. Rebuilding was completed in time for midnight mass on Christmas Eve of 1942.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Cathedral features thirteen large hand-cut stained glass windows made by T.C. Esser Company of Milwaukee. A large tomb-shaped baptismal pool and marble font is also situated prominently in the center of the sanctuary. In 2001 a gated garden and atrium were added at the north end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation and controversy</h2><br>
<p>It was rededicated on February 9, 2002, following a controversial renovation project which consisted of some restoration work on the historic structure but also a radical remodeling of the interior. There was a very vocal anti-renovation group who petitioned the Vatican for a halt to the renovation. Archbishop Rembert Weakland, was the primary advocate of the renovation which he and supporters felt brought the cathedral into a more modern "post-conciliar" style. Weakland hired liturgical consultant Richard S. Vosko to plan the renovation. Among the most controversial elements of the renovation was the dismantling of the historic High Altar and Baldacchino in the apse which were replaced with organ pipes. The sanctuary and altar was then moved forward into the nave and crowned with a fiberglass crucifix designed by Italian sculptors Arnaldo Pomodoro and Giuseppe Maraniell. The piece is topped with a crown of thorns, fourteen feet in diameter, which hovers over the figure of Christ.</p><br>
<p>Mount Fromme is a mountain on the North Shore of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a key North American mountain biking destination. Looking towards the North of the Burrard Inlet three mountains are clearly visible . Mt. Fromme  has downhill trails that have made a name for the North Shore riding style. Mount Fromme features various trails, many of which are part of the NSMBA . Some of these trails are sponsored by companies which provide money to maintain the trails. There is also a nudist club called Van Tan Nudist Club past the second switch back on mountain highway. Members of the club are given access to the location by vehicle which is usually blocked of by a gate.</p><br>
<p>Mount Fromme features green, blue, black, double black and "triple red" trails.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain Biking</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Fromme is a popular destination for many bikers during the summer. The trails are accessed via Mountain Highway, though bikers have to ride up as the gravel path is restricted to vehicle access without special privileges. The path eventually leads to Grouse Mountain.The easier trails are usually located at the bottom of the hill while the advanced ones are near further up. The majority of the trails are located below the seventh switchback.</p><br>
<h3>Notable Trails</h3><br>
<p>There are approximately 40 mountain biking trails in total though many of them have become not ride-able due to lack of maintenance. Companies can sponsor trails to maintain them.</p><br>
<h4>Bobsled</h4><br>
<p>Bobsled is the most popular trail on Mount Fromme. It is past the second switchback a little further than Floppy Bunny. The trail is a very fast, smooth trail resembling a pump track that contains a lot of berms, bumps, and jumps. There are several ladder bridges and drops. The trail is rated a green/blue. The run is a green if none of the features are attempted but a blue if they are.</p><br>
<h4>Baden-Powell Trail</h4><br>
<p>Though it is mainly a biking trail, many trails end at various points along the Baden Powell which bikers use to get back to Mountain Highway. It contains ladder bridges and several technical rock features. The Baden Powell is rated a blue trail</p><br>
<h4>38DD</h4><br>
<p>38DD is a very advanced trail which is situated between the third and fourth switchback. It is most notable for the giant drop at the opening of the trail which launches off from a massive boulder. There is an alternate entrance that starts higher up on Mountain Highway. It is rated as a triple red diamond trail (the hardest difficulty) but is now decommissioned and is in disrepair.</p><br>
<h4>Air Supply/Jerry Rig</h4><br>
<p>Air Supply is trail located on the sixth switchback after Oil Can. It is currently decommissioned and all the jumps which used to be on it are now destroyed. It used to contain massive jumps and drops, some of which still exist but are unsafe to ride. Air Supply branches onto the trail Jerry Rig (which is sometimes called Lower Air Supply). Jerry Rig officially starts further up Mountain Highway. It contains massive ladder bridges, many of which are over 10 feet in the air and under six inches thick, giant jumps and wall-rides, almost all of which are in disrepair and unsafe to ride. Both trails are triple red diamonds and deposit onto the Baden-Powell Trail.</p><br>
<h4>The Flying Circus</h4><br>
<p>The Flying Circus is a triple red diamond run constructed by a North Shore biker Dangerous Dan. It starts just below Upper Oil Can and is known for the extremely challenging skinnies and ladder-bridges which are very thin and high in the air. Some of the skinnies require to rider to do a bunny hop to maneuver around the corners.</p><br>
<h4>Floppy Bunny</h4><br>
<p>Floppy Bunny is a popular trail found below Bobsled. It is a black diamond but can be ridden as a blue if none of the optional features are attempted. It contains an optional jump line but several mandatory wood features.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>Mount Fromme also contains a few hiking trails. Some trails are shared biking and hiking trails. Some hiking only trails include St.Georges which connects the Baden Powell Trail with Mountain Highway just before the seventh switchback, and Per Gynt which connects the seventh switchback to past the eighth.</p><br>
<p>St. Cecilia Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha. Located at 701 North 40th Street in the Gold Coast Historic District, the Cathedral was ranked as one of the ten largest in the United States when it was completed in 1959. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>Begun in 1905 and consecrated in 1959, it was designed by architect Thomas Rogers Kimball. Ranked among the ten largest cathedrals in the United States when it was completed, the cathedral is 255 ft. long, 158 ft. wide and 222 ft. tall (78 m by 48 m by 68 m).</p><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is Spanish Renaissance Revival, rather than the European Gothic architecture popular in the early 20th century. Kimball justified his choice because of the early influence of Spain and Mexico on the region. It was once part of the missionary area subject to the See of Santiago de Cuba.</p><br>
<p>On March 16, 2007, a painting of The Virgin Immaculata was reported stolen from St. Cecilia. About 7:30 AM, church officials noticed the artwork had been cut from its frame. The painting was an 8 foot by 5 foot image, part of a collection donated to the Cathedral in 2002. The painting had an estimated value of $100,000.</p><br>
<h2>Organ</h2><br>
<p>The organ of the cathedral was built by Pasi Organ Builders and inaugurated in 2003. The instrument has 55 stops, 3 manuals and pedals. A unique feature of the organ is the option of playing 29 of the stops in either meantone or Wegscheider well-tempered tuning (the remaining stops being well-tempered).</p><br>
<p>Pima Canyon is a major canyon located in the Santa Catalina Mountains, north of Catalina Foothills and Tucson, Arizona, USA. Pusch Ridge forms the northwestern cliffs of Pima Canyon, dramatically rising from Pima Creek on the canyon floor. Pima Canyon varies greatly in elevation, from 2,900 ft above sea level at Pima Creek to 6,350 ft at Pima Saddle. Mount Kimball is the highest peak in the vicinity of the canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The source of Pima Creek is located below the Pima Saddle, which is at an elevation of 6,350 ft. The distance from the Pima Canyon Trailhead to the Pima Saddle is about 5 mi. The creek flows intermittently throughout the year, usually after substantial rain or snow melt in the Santa Catalina Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Pima Canyon, which is called a desert riparian habitat, has good opportunities for birdwatching. Many desert creatures can be seen, the larger of which are jackrabbits, javelina, and desert bighorn sheep. Because of its proximity to the Tucson metropolitan area, Pima Canyon is described as "overused", especially during the mild local winters. Many varieties of desert plants can be seen along the trail including the ocotillo, prickly pear, palo verde, mesquite, and the ubiquitous saguaro.</p><br>
<h2>Pima Canyon Trail</h2><br>
<p>From Oro Valley, the Pima Canyon trailhead can be reached by driving east from Oracle Road (Arizona Highway 77) on Magee Road until it dead ends. From Ina Road, take Christie Drive north until it intersects with Magee and turn right. The Pima Canyon Trail is numbered # 62. The trailhead carries the name Iris O. Dewihirst.</p><br>
<p>The lower section of the trail, which runs from the trailhead to the lower dam, is 3.2 mi long. The lowest elevation at the trailhead is 2,900 ft while the highest elevation at the dam is 3,750 ft according to the Sierra Club. The trail has a difficulty rating of C and is called a "popular and easy hike". The Sierra Club website estimates that the 6.4 mi round trip to the lower dam and back can take two and a half hours. The US Forest Service does not permit dogs or motorized vehicles on the trail.</p><br>
<p>From the parking lot, the trail heads east toward the mouth of the canyon. Signs indicate that private property surrounds the trail at this point and request that hikers stay on the well-marked trail. After a few minutes, a hiker will come upon a metal sign pointing to the left and indicating that Mount Kimball is 7 miles away. Follow the sign to the left. The hiker soon enters the canyon and steep rock faces rise on both sides on the canyon. After about 45 minutes from the start, hikers will arrive at a place where there are some cottonwood trees. Another 30 to 40 minutes will bring hikers to the small dam. Nearby, there are potholes in the rock that Native Americans used for grinding.</p><br>
<p>The distance from the dam to Pima Spring is about 2 mi. The trail gets steeper and more difficult in this stretch. The round trip hike to Pima Spring is considered a "nice day hike" as an alternative to the full seven miles to Mount Kimball. From Pima Spring to Mount Kimball, the trail is very steep and hard to follow. There is a metal sign that points to Pima Saddle, which is on the crest of Pusch Ridge. The hike to the Pima Saddle and back is said to take eight or more hours.</p><br>
<p>From Pima Saddle, the trail is faint and hikers must keep an eye out for cairns. The view from Mount Kimball is said to be spectacular. The roundtrip distance from trailhead to Mount Kimball is said to be 14.2 mi and the elevation gain is about 4,500 ft. The US Forest Service website notes that the trail is 8.6 mi one-way in length. Near Mount Kimball, trail # 62 intersects with the Finger Rock Trail # 42.</p><br>
<p>Significant peaks can be seen along the trail, including Rosewood Point at 4,300 ft, Prominent Point at 6,700 ft, and Mount Kimball at 7,255 ft on the southeast (right) side of the canyon. On the northwest (left) side of the canyon lie Pusch Peak at 5,362 ft, Bighorn Mountain at 5,600 ft, Table Mountain 6,200 ft, and the Wolf&#39;s Teeth.</p><br>
<h2>Pima Canyon Trail Photos</h2><br>
<p>Agathla Peak  is a peak south of Monument Valley, Arizona, which rises over 1500 feet  above the surrounding terrain. It is 7 mi north of Kayenta and is visible from USA Route 163. The English designation Agathla is derived from the Navajo name meaning much wool, apparently for the fur of antelope and deer accumulating on the rock. The mountain is considered sacred by the Navajo.</p><br>
<p>Agathla Peak is an eroded volcanic plug consisting of volcanic breccia cut by dikes of an unusual igneous rock called minette. It is one of many such volcanic diatremes that are found in Navajo country of northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. Agathla Peak and Shiprock in New Mexico are the most prominent. These rocks are part of the Navajo Volcanic Field, in the southern Colorado Plateau. Ages of these minettes and associated more unusual igneous rocks cluster near 25 million years.</p><br>
<p>South East Island  is the third largest island in the Chatham Islands archipelago, and covers an area of 218 hectare. It lies 800 km east of New Zealand&#39;s South Island off the south-east coast of Pitt Island, 55 km south-east of the main settlement, Waitangi, on Chatham Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to oral traditions, ancient Moriori used to travel to Rangatira by canoe to capture muttonbirds. However, there is no material evidence of those expeditions, such as dendroglyphs (tree carvings) or petroglyphs (rock art).</p><br>
<p>European farmers ran sheep, goats and cattle on Rangatira until the 1960s when the last of these were removed. Today the island is a gazetted nature reserve, thus access to the island is restricted and controlled by the Department of Conservation.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Rangatira is host to several rare and endemic species of birds and plants and is a sanctuary for endangered invertebrates such as the giant stick insect, Rangatira spider, coxella weevil and the Pitt Island longhorn beetle. It is most famous for being the habitat for the endangered black robin, rescued from near extinction by a dedicated team led by Don Merton, who used foster parent birds to raise the chicks of black robin. The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports large breeding colonies of broad-billed prions (330,000 pairs), Chatham petrels (up to 1000 pairs) and white-faced storm petrels (840,000 pairs). Rangatira was the stronghold, and last remaining breeding site for the Chatham petrel until recently; new colonies on Pitt and Chatham Islands are being established.</p><br>
<p>For a 1994 account of the birdlife of Rangatira, see Nilsson et al.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Hall is a historic house museum in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, in the eastern Georgia Piedmont. It was the home of Alexander H. Stephens, a prominent Georgia political figure who was a member of the USA House of Representatives , Vice President of the Confederate States of America , and after the end of the American Civil War, a member of the USA House of Representatives again  and governor of Georgia . Stephens resided in the home from 1839 until his death in 1883. The home is now a museum and part of A. H. Stephens Historic Park, a Georgia state park maintained by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and designated historic district. The larger A. H. Stephens Historic Park contains tent and trailer sites, picnic sites, and fishing ponds, as well as a nature trail and rustic cabins, and was mostly built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, beginning in 1933.</p><br>
<p>The structure was also known as Bachelor&#39;s Hall in 1859.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Stephens was born two miles north in a log cabin on his fathers farm; he was orphaned at the age of fourteen. The building was the former family home, but "had been sold out from under the brothers when their father died." In 1872–1875, Stephens tore down the old house, except for two rear rooms, and erected the current structure, which is restored to its original appearance. The home is a simple two-story white frame house. It has a hip roof and a veranda extending across its front. The first floor includes Stephens bedroom, including original walnut furniture, a round table at which Stephens wrote, Stephens wheelchair, a repaired original flowered ingrain carpet, and wallpaper with blue and gold stripes. The dining room includes "massive chairs" replicated from a single remaining original chair. To the rear is the library, where Stephens wrote from 1868–1870 his Constitutional View of the Late War between the States. Steps lead from the dining room to the second floor; at the top of the stairs is the "Tramps Room," where many guests, including uninvited guests, often stayed. To the homes rear are restored outbuildings: slave quarters, a wine cellar, smokehouse, woodhouse, washhouse, and chickenhouse. At the time of emancipation in 1864, Stephens owned thirty-one slaves, most of whom remained with him after the wars end. It was at Liberty Hall that Stephens was captured by Union Army forces from a detachment of the 4th Iowa Cavalry, after which Stephens formally surrendered to General Emory Upton and was imprisoned before being released.</p><br>
<p>Stephens constant companion at the home was a large, fluffy white dog named Rio. Many of Stephens books are housed in a smaller structure behind, where he spent much of his time after the war. The home was known for its many guests from all walks of life, who were invited for meals with Stephens. After Stephens death in office in 1883, his sitting room was preserved as he left it. After Stephens death in 1883, the hall passed to his surviving relatives. It served as a boardinghouse until 1932, when it was donated to the State of Georgia.</p><br>
<p>Today, the house is renovated to its 1875 appearance. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1970 and was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 4, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Buttle Lake is a lake on Vancouver Island in Strathcona Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is about 23 km long and 1.5 km wide, has an area of 28 km², is up to 120 m deep, and lies at an elevation of 221 m. The lake is located between Campbell River and Gold River in Strathcona Provincial Park; there is a camping site on the shore. The lake is the source of the Campbell River.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, Upper Campbell Lake was dammed. Water from the dam backed up in to Buttle Lake, raising the lake level by some 5 meters. Because of this, the natural landscape of Buttle Lake has been forever changed. At times of low water, there exists mudflats littered with stumps from the forests which use to stand there.</p><br>
<p>It was named after John Buttle, geologist and botanist from Kew Gardens, London, who discovered the lake and mapped the area in 1865. Buttle also explored Vancouver Island as naturalist under Dr Robert Brown as part of the Vancouver Island Exploring Expedition in 1864.</p><br>
<p>Dos Ojos  is a flooded cave system located north of Tulum, on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The exploration of Dos Ojos began in 1987 and still continues. The surveyed extent of the cave system is 82 km and there are 28 known sinkhole entrances, which are locally called cenotes.</p><br>
<p>Dos Ojos lies broadly parallel to and north of the Sac Actun cave system. Dos Ojos has remained in the top ten, if not the top three, longest underwater cave systems in the world since the late 1980s. Dos Ojos contains the deepest known cave passage in Quintana Roo with 119.1 m of depth located at "The Pit" discovered in 1996 by cave explorers who came all the way from the main entrance some 1,500 m away. The deep passages include the "Wakulla Room", the "Beyond Main Base (BMB) passage", "Jill&#39;s room" and "The Next Generation passage". In August 2012 Dos Ojos was connected through a dry passage to Sistema Sac Actun. With March 2014 the total length of the combined system measures 319.05 km.</p><br>
<p>Dos Ojos is an anchialine cave system with connections to naturally intruding marine water and tidal influence in the cenotes. The coastal discharge point(s) of this cave system have not yet been humanly explored through to the ocean, although large volumes of groundwater were demonstrated by dye tracing to flow towards Caleta Xel-Ha, a nearby coastal bedrock lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The name Dos Ojos refers to two neighbouring cenotes that connect into a very large cavern zone shared between the two. These two cenotes appear like two large eyes into the underground. The original cave diving exploration of the whole cave system began through these cenotes. The Dos Ojos underwater cave system was featured in a 2002 IMAX film, Journey Into Amazing Caves, and the 2006 BBC/Discovery Channel series Planet Earth. Parts of the Hollywood 2005 movie The Cave were filmed in the Dos Ojos cave system.</p><br>
<p>Water temperature is throughout the year, and the maximum depth near the Dos Ojos cenotes is approximately 10 m. The water is exceptionally clear as a result of rainwater filtered through limestone, and there being very little soil development in this region since the limestone is very pure.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>There are several varieties of fish living in the cavern, the majority of which are well under 10 cm long, and at least two types of freshwater shrimp.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Dos Ojos Cenotes are a popular snorkeling and cavern diving site receiving typically a hundred or more tourists per day. The majority of cavern dives are at 5 -. Most guided cavern dives include two dives in one day, each being 45 minutes long plus a 60-minute surface interval. It is possible to traverse underwater into another adjacent cenote called the "Bat Cave", which is also used for snorkeling. Visibility is excellent and generally limited by available light rather than water transparency.</p><br>
<h2>Freediving Record</h2><br>
<p>On November 3, 2010, Dos Ojos hosted Carlos Coste&#39;s record-breaking freedive. Coste swam on one breath and became the Guinness World Record holder for "Longest distance swam underwater with one breath (open water)".</p><br>
<p>Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich , is located 16.5 km south of Akumal in Tulum Municipality of Quintana Roo state, southeastern Mexico. It is part of the group of underwater cave systems.</p><br>
<p>It is an extensive water filled cave system connected with the Caribbean Sea, fed via a coastal spring in a cenote with a variety of names, including Cenote Manati, Cenote Tankah, and Casa Cenote after a nearby restaurant. The explored cave system extends to approximately 8 km inland from the coast.</p><br>
<p>Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich was discovered to be connected to the Sistema Sac Actun, making the Sac Actun the longest surveyed underwater cave system in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Exploration</h2><br>
<p>For more than ten years the system was extensively explored by dedicated cave divers starting from Cenote Nohoch Nah Chich.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 Mike Madden of CEDAM International Dive Center established the CEDAM Cave Diving Team principally to conduct annual exploration projects to focus on cave exploration, while a number of cave research efforts were logistically supported, with contributions in the fields of karst hydrogeology, water chemistry, microbiology, cave ecology, and underwater archaeology.</p><br>
<p>The technique of establishing jungle exploration camps at newly found cenotes and cave entrances of Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich was developed and refined during many cave exploration projects, thus allowing cave diving exploration effort to continue more efficiently at the edges of the known caves. The main camp of exploration became Cenote "Far Point Station", located 6 km from the coast, and 2.8 km further inland than Main Base Camp situated at the main Nohoch Nah Chich Cenote entrance.</p><br>
<p>During the Nohoch 1997 expedition, the 60 km of total explored cave passage mark was surpassed.</p><br>
<p>In early 2007, Nohoch Nah Chich included 36 cenotes and had a recorded length of 67 km, when it was connected to, and subsumed into the 14 km longer Sistema Sac Actun by the Sac Actun Exploration Team (SAET). This portion of the system is now called the "Nohoch Nah Chich Historical section", where with 71.6 m also the greatest depth of the entire system was reached at "The Blue Abyss".</p><br>
<p>The Cohocksink Creek was formerly a stream running between what are now the Philadelphia neighborhoods of Northern Liberties and Kensington. It was a tributary of the Delaware River. Its name, spelled various ways, is said to come from a Lenape word for "pine lands." Alternate names included Stacey&#39;s Creek. The creek arose at the confluence of two smaller streams in a pond around the present-day intersection of Sixth and Thompson Streets. For centuries, Cohocksink Creek has often been confused with Cohoquinoque Creek, a culverted stream about a mile to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Early settlement and industry</h2><br>
<p>The Cohocksink and its marshlands divided the District of Kensington from the city of Philadelphia and its Northern Liberties. The first settlers were Swedish, predating the founding of the colony of Pennsylvania. As early as 1700, area mills and tanneries took advantage of the stream for water power, including one mill built between Fifth and Sixth Streets at the direction of William Penn, Pennsylvanias founder. The neighborhoods on either side of the Cohocksink were home to much Philadelphias early industrial development. During the American Revolution, the Cohocksink was line of defense for the British as they occupied Philadelphia. Planting artillery on the south side, the British dammed the stream to create a broad marshland, forming a barrier against attacks from the north.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to sewer</h2><br>
<p>By the mid-eighteenth century, area factories became less dependent on water for the source of their power. In order to promote drainage in the developing neighborhoods, and to discourage the miasma said to originate from the creek, the Cohocksink was converted to a storm sewer in the 1850s, around the time Northern Liberties and Kensington were consolidated into the city of Philadelphia. Industry had taken its toll on the Cohocksink; when it was finally culverted, the City Board of Health issued a statement describing the project as "one of the most valuable sanitary improvements ever to be undertaken by the corporate authorities.... For years this natural tributary of the Delaware...has been a prolific source of miasma. The entire length of its serpentine bed had become the receptacle of vile refuse and dead animals, while its sides were lined with privies, emptying their contents upon its filthy surface; added to these, the offal from cow-stables, dye houses, slaughterhouses, kitchens, and the impurities from various trades and factories, together with street-sewage... thus predisposing to and causing the spread of... disease throughout the entire vicinity."</p><br>
<h2>Modern times</h2><br>
<p>In the first few decades after being buried, the creek often burst out of its tunnels during rainstorms. Since that time, it has been more reliably contained, and many residents are unaware that a former creek runs beneath their streets. The Cohocksink now runs under the streets shown on the map at right.</p><br>
<p>Villa Isola  is an art-deco building in the northern part of Bandung, the capital of West Java province of Indonesia. Overlooking the valley with the view of the city, Villa Isola was completed in 1933 by the Dutch architect Wolff Schoemaker for the Dutch media tycoon Dominique Willem Berretty, the founder of the Aneta press-agency in the Dutch East Indies. The original purpose of the building was for Berretty&#39;s private house, but then it was transformed into a hotel after his death and now it serves as the headmastership office of the University of Education Indonesia.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Villa Isola was constructed within six months (October 1932 &mdash; March 1933), which was quite fast at that time.</p><br>
<p>The total cost to build the complex was about 500,000 guilders, despite the fact that Dominique Berrety almost went bankrupt. The building was celebrated during the opening ceremony in December 1933. Berretty invited several journalists and friends to show his new villa. The guests were impressed by the meticulous details of the decoration. The rooms were filled with warm furniture, Venetian crowns and paintings of famous Indies and western painters. There were a reception room, a dining room, a wide billiards room, a study room, sleeping rooms, family room with a balcony, open terraces at both west-east sides, and a cozy bar equipped with a movie projector. A placard with "M’ISOLO E VIVO" (I isolate myself and live) sign is adorned on the wall above the reception room.</p><br>
<p>Berretty lived there only for a few months before he died in a plane crash in Syria on the DC-2 Uiver Batavia&mdash;Amsterdam flight in December 1934. The building is still standing without major changes, except for its usage and its surrounding environment. Villa Isola was transformed first into a hotel. During the Japanese occupation in Indonesia, the building was used as the Japanese army&#39;s headquarters for Bandung in 1942. After the Indonesian independence, Villa Isola was renovated with one more floor added on top of the roof and the name was changed into "Bumi Siliwangi". On October 1954, the then Indonesia minister of education Mohammad Yamin designated the building and its surrounding complex for the new pedagogical institute in Bandung. The building still serves as the headmastership office of the Indonesia University of Education (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia), while the surrounding complex is the campus of the university.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The design of the Villa Isola by the architect Wolff Schoemaker, was influenced by indigenous Javanese philosophy. The orientation of the building is according to the north&mdash;south axis, where the building faces Mount Tangkuban Perahu to the north and the city of Bandung to the south. Schoemaker was a firm follower of the art-deco style, which he mixed with local ornaments. Many circular shapes decorated the whole complex, the design of which reminds people of the shape of Candi in the east of Java. Circle is the main theme of the complex, both inside and outside the villa, including the gardens.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is located at the center of the north facade shaded by a concrete canopy arch supported only by one pillar. The interior of the first floor consists of a lobby with a twisted staircase to the second floor, and a family room. A large window in a half-circled curve shape decorates the family room completed with an open balcony with a parapet of steel bars, with a panoramic view of the city. The family room is also equipped with a circular shape of toilet.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor, a master bedroom is located facing south, connected by two corridors to the west and the east terraces. Besides as connecting halls to the terraces, the west and east corridors function as "pipelines" to regulate air in the building, isolating the thermal condition of the tropical climate. Hence, the bedroom has a room temperature during the hot sunny days.</p><br>
<p>The third floor consists of guest rooms and an entertainment room (a bar). Due to the difference in height between the north and the south sides, the south side has an extra floor. The fourth floor in the south was mainly used as service area. Integrating a service area within a house was new at that time, as the usual colonial residential houses separated service rooms from the main house.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Two gardens at different levels surrounded the complex. The higher north garden, was a European style garden with a rectangular pond and a statue in the middle. Orchard flowers dominated the garden and five black swans were specially imported to garnish the pond. A road divided the garden symmetrically to allow cars pass through from and to the garage. A half-circled staircase attached to the main building enhanced the symmetrical design of the garden.</p><br>
<p>The large south garden occupied most of the complex. Circular ornaments filled the south garden, starting from the building by another half-circled staircase. There are also similar staircases on the west and the east sides of the building. The garden was divided into circular areas whereas the building was positioned at the center of these circles, creating the impression that the building was an integral part of the garden.</p><br>
<p>The Minneapolis Grain Exchange  was formed in 1881 in Minneapolis, Minnesota as a regional cash marketplace to promote fair trade and to prevent trade abuses in wheat, oats and corn.</p><br>
<p>MGEX has been the principal market for Hard Red Spring Wheat (HRSW) since 1881, offering futures and options contracts based on its unique commodity. HRSW is one of the highest-protein wheats. It is found in bagels, pizzas, high-quality breads and cereals, and some noodles and cookies. It is planted mostly in the USA Northern Plains and the Canadian Prairies.</p><br>
<h2>Operations</h2><br>
<p>MGEX offers five financially settled agricultural index products: Hard Red Spring Wheat Index (HRSI), Hard Red Winter Wheat Index (HRWI), Soft Red Winter Wheat Index (SRWI), National Corn Index (NCI) and National Soybean Index (NSI).</p><br>
<p>In an agreement with Data Transmission Network, (now Telvent DTN), a business-to-business electronic commerce and information services company in Omaha, Nebraska, MGEX has exclusive rights to DTNs agriculture and weather data bases, which the exchange uses to develop index products.</p><br>
<p>Futures are traded exclusively electronically on the CME Globex platform. Options are traded side-by-side.</p><br>
<h3>Hours of operation</h3><br>
<p>6 a.m.: HRSW Futures and Options overnight trading closes and enters pre-open</p><br>
<p>8:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.: HRSW Futures trade electronically</p><br>
<p>8:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.: HRSW Options trade side by side</p><br>
<p>6 p.m. - 1:45 p.m. Agricultural Index Products trade electronically</p><br>
<p>7 p.m. - 7:45 a.m.: HRSW Futures and Options trade electronically</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1883, the Chamber of Commerce introduced its first futures contract: hard red spring wheat. By 1946 "Chamber of Commerce" had become synonymous with organizations devoted mainly to civic and social issues. In 1947, the exchange was renamed the Minneapolis Grain Exchange. Today the exchange is most recognized by its logo and uses MGEX as first reference.</p><br>
<p>On December 19, 2008, the Minneapolis Grain Exchange ceased operations of the open outcry trading floor, but continues daily operations for the electronic trading platform. Today, HRSW futures trade exclusively electronically and options trade side-by-side.</p><br>
<p>Lake Puelo  is a lake located in the north of the province of Chubut, in Argentine Patagonia. Of fluvial-glacial origin, its deepest point is some 180 meters below the water level.</p><br>
<p>The narrow lake is located in the Lago Puelo National Park, connected by the small rivers, Azul and Quemquemtreu. The lake is surrounded by typical Valdivian temperate rain forests, even though on the eastern side of the Andes.</p><br>
<p>The term Puelo seems to have its origin in the Mapuche expression puel-có, (puel=east, co=water) meaning something like "Water at the East", since in fact the lake drains towards the Pacific Ocean on the east through the Inferior Lake (Lake Interior in Chile), and then the Puelo River.</p><br>
<p>Next to the lake, which receives around 20,000 visitors per year, is Lago Puelo town.</p><br>
<p>Fagnano Lake , also called Lake Cami , is a lake located on the main island of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, and shared by Argentina and Chile.</p><br>
<p>The 645 km² lake runs east-west for about 98 kilometres, of which 72.5 km (606 km²) belong to the Argentine Tierra del Fuego Province, and only 13.5 km (39 km²) belong to the Chilean Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region. It has a maximum depth of 200 meters.</p><br>
<p>The southern bank is steep compared to the northern, and expands in a considerably wide and flat piedmont from which both levels of the plateaus can be appreciated.</p><br>
<p>From its western end, the Azopardo River drains towards the Almirantazgo Fjord. On its eastern end is the town of Tolhuin.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in a pull-apart basin developed along the Magallanes–Fagnano Fault zone.</p><br>
<p>Bannerman Plantation was a small plantation of approximately 1,500 acre and located in northwest Leon County, Florida, just north of the old unincorporated community of Meridian and west-northwest of Lake Iamonia. Bannerman Plantation was established by Charles Bannerman and known to be in existence in 1852.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house is located at 13426 N. Meridian Rd. and is a 2-story home with porches on both floors that partially wrap to each side of the house. The porches are supported with 8 stately columns. Fireplaces are located at both left and right sides of the home. A kitchen extends off the left side of the home. The boundaries of Bannerman Plantation itself are unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Plantation specifics</h2><br>
<p>The Leon County Florida 1860 Agricultural Census shows that Bannerman Plantation had the following:</p><br>
<p>Improved Land: 700 acre</p><br>
<p>Unimproved Land: 800 acre</p><br>
<p>Cash value of plantation: $14,475</p><br>
<p>Cash value of farm implements/machinery: $700</p><br>
<p>Cash value of farm animals: $5000</p><br>
<p>Number of slaves: 67</p><br>
<p>Bushels of corn: 4,000</p><br>
<p>Bales of cotton: 120</p><br>
<h2>The owner</h2><br>
<p>Charles Bannerman was from North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Blood Mountain is the highest peak on the Georgia section of the Appalachian Trail and the sixth-tallest mountain in Georgia, with an elevation of 4,458 ft. It is located on the border of Lumpkin County with Union County and is within the boundaries of the Chattahoochee National Forest and the Blood Mountain Wilderness. There are several waterfalls, hiking trails and other recreational areas in the vicinity.</p><br>
<p>Blood Mountain is the high point of the Apalachicola River watershed via the Chattahoochee River, making the mountain the highest point of any land draining ultimately to the state of Florida.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There are various theories on the origin of the mountain&#39;s name. Some believe that the name of the mountain comes from a bloody battle between the Cherokee and Creek Indians. Some people believe that it got its name from the reddish color of the lichen and Catawba growing near the summit.</p><br>
<p>The mountain drew media attention in January 2008 when 24-year-old hiker Meredith Emerson went missing from a nearby trail. Her body was later recovered some distance away. Authorities arrested Gary Hilton on charges of murdering Emerson. On January 31 Hilton pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking and recreation</h2><br>
<p>This peak has scenic views from the large rock formations that top the mountain. There is a hiker&#39;s shelter at the top of the mountain maintained by the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, and at the bottom of the eastern side of the mountain is a hostel and store (at Neel Gap, where the Appalachian Trail intersects USA Highway 19/129) at the Walasi-Yi Interpretive Center. The summit shelter is a two-room stone cabin which was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in January 2013. The Walasi-Yi Center started out as log cabin constructed in the early 20th century by a logging company. It was renovated and expanded by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1933-38 into a larger stone building. The Center now houses a store; its breezeway is the only place the Appalachian Trail passes through a man-made structure.</p><br>
<p>There is a short (2 mile) but steep (1,800 foot elevation gain) approach trail to the top of the mountain from a parking area to the immediate north of the Walasi-Yi Center. This hike includes views as walkers approach the summit, and the final 1.5 mi, past the Flatrock Gap intersection with the Byron Reece Trail, has a number of switchbacks. It is perhaps the most hiked segment of the Appalachian Trail in Georgia. Another approach is from the other side at Lake Winfield Scott via the Slaughter Creek Trail. This approach, which is easier to hike, has campsites and a number of sources of treatable water.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the mountain are several boulder fields and stands of northern hardwoods and large buckeyes. Portions of the area were previously logged and now sport fast-growing tulip poplar.</p><br>
<p>Near Blood Mountain are DeSoto Falls Scenic Recreation Area and campground, Vogel State Park and Sosebee Cove Scenic Area. All are accessible from Blood Mountain by trail and road.</p><br>
<p>The Meanwood Beck is a stream in West Yorkshire, England, which flows southwards through Adel, Meanwood and Sheepscar into the River Aire in central Leeds. Different portions of the same watercourse have been referred to as Addle Beck, Carr Beck, Lady Beck, Mabgate Beck, Sheepscar Beck, Timble Beck or Wortley Beck. The Meanwood Valley Trail footpath follows the line of the beck for much of its course.</p><br>
<p>The ultimate source of the water is Otley Chevin and the Marsh Beck feeds into what is now the Wildfowl Lake (formerly the Black Hill Dam) in Golden Acre Park. According to Ordnance Survey, it is called Adel Beck from the outflow of the lake down to the A6120 Ring Road, then beyond this is the Meanwood Beck. John Cossins&#39; 1775 plan of Leeds shows Sheepscar Beck as essentially the East limits of the town at the time, Adel being some distance away and Meanwood still a wood. It became the Lady Beck from Quarry Hill to the River Aire.</p><br>
<p>It is of historical importance because it deposited silt into the River Aire. Along with the Hol Beck doing the same from the South-West nearby it led to a fording place and a small community which eventually grew into the town of Leeds.</p><br>
<p>The beck was previously a source of water for the village of Headingley and two of its earliest bridges led straight to it. The beck carries a much reduced volume of water over recent years as water is collected instead into the many drains in the centre of one of Britain&#39;s largest cities.</p><br>
<p>Meanwood Beck runs through Meanwood Park and Woodhouse Ridge. It provides water and drainage for Meanwood Valley Urban Farm.</p><br>
<p>In the 16th to 18th centuries it provided power for corn mills. In the 19th century it supplied water for a chemical works and tanneries, one of which, Sugarwell Court, is now a university hall of residence.</p><br>
<p>The Beck suffered a serious pollution incident on 29 March 1999 when an oil tank at the University of Leeds&#39; Bodington Hall was overfilled and 10,000 litres of oil flowed into the beck. It is also a habitat for the indigenous European crayfish, which is currently threatened in the UK by a plague carried by the Signal crayfish introduced from America. As well as the crayfish there is also bull head fish present which can be found easily with a net and a pair of waders; they generally are located on the stream bed in the mud and silt.</p><br>
<p>Connecticut Hall  is a Georgian building on the Old Campus of Yale University. Completed in 1752, it was originally a student dormitory, a function it retained for 200 years. Part of the first floor became home to the Yale College Dean&#39;s Office after 1905, and the full building was converted to departmental offices in the mid-twentieth century. It is currently used by the Department of Philosophy, and its third story contains a room for meetings of the Yale Faculty of Arts & Sciences, the academic faculty of Yale College and the Graduate School.</p><br>
<p>Connecticut Hall is the third-oldest of only seven surviving American colonial-era college buildings, and the second-oldest structure built for Yale College in New Haven. The first building in a campus plan known as Old Brick Row that stood from 1750 to 1870, it is the only survivor of a demolition campaign that created the modern Old Campus quadrangle. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Yale College moved to New Haven in 1718, the town had constructed a wooden building known as the College House for its occupancy at the corner of College and Chapel Streets. By 1747, the College House held less than half of the colleges enrolled students, and college president Thomas Clap announced that funds would be raised from the Colony of Connecticut for a "new College House" of three stories. The new dormitory was built 100 ft long, 40 ft wide, three stories tall, and, because President Clap instructed the builders to follow plans he received from Harvard University, appeared nearly a duplicate of the latters Massachusetts Hall, completed in 1720. In its original incarnation, just under one hundred rooms were fit under its gambrel roof.</p><br>
<p>Connecticut Hall became the anchor and template for Old Brick Row&#39;s building pattern, and became known as South Middle College as buildings were added to its north and south. By 1824, Old Brick Row had four "colleges" resembling Connecticut Hall: Union Hall (South College), Connecticut Hall (South Middle College), Berkeley Hall (North Middle College), and North College. When Old Brick Row was slated for demolition in the early 20th century, Connecticut Hall was saved by a group of alumni led by Professor Henry W. Farnam. They dubbed McClellan "Hush Hall" and staged a "Pageant of Symmetry" to oppose its construction.</p><br>
<p>The building has been renovated several times and appears substantially different from its early appearance and function. A 1797 addition swapped the gambrel roof for a fourth story and a pitched roof. In 1905, a restoration led by Grosvenor Atterbury rebuilt the gambrel roof, bringing the building closer to its original form. From 1952 to 1954, the structure was reconstructed in which the building interior was gutted the structure and rebuilt for reading, seminar and faculty rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>Connecticut Hall remained a student dormitory for nearly 200 years, but has always been joined by other uses. Lacking sufficient space, Thomas Clap and other faculty would hold class sessions in the entryways. Before purpose-built structures could be constructed, a physics laboratory, art gallery, and natural history collection were housed in various parts of the building.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in mid-eighteenth century, a buttery occupied the southeast corner of the first floor, furnishing students with beer, alcoholic cider, and seasonal fruits. One Yale historian wrote of it:</p><br>
<p>The buttery closed in 1817, and Yale President Theodore Dwight Woolsey noted that "nothing became it like the leaving of it."</p><br>
<p>As a residence, South Middle gained a reputation as cramped, damp, and cold, and was considered undesirable housing by most of its occupants.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the Atterbury restoration in 1905, Yale College Dean Frederick S. Jones announced he would move his offices there to "get to the center of the college." There they remained until World War II, when they were moved to Sterling-Sheffield-Strathcona Hall on Prospect Street and the Orr renovation fully converted the building to departmental offices and faculty meeting space.</p><br>
<p>Today, the building contains the offices of Yale&#39;s Department of Philosophy. The Faculty Room, where the Faculty of Arts and Sciences holds its meetings, is located on the second floor. There is also a computer cluster in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>Connecticut Hall is one of the oldest buildings in Connecticut and the only remaining example of colonial-era architecture built at Yale.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The first two residence halls at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, originally dubbed "Yale of the Early West", are modeled after Connecticut Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Horace Bushnell, theologian and Congregationalist minister</p><br>
<p>Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War spy</p><br>
<p>James Hillhouse, early New Haven benefactor</p><br>
<p>David Humphries, aide-de-camp to George Washington, ambassador and author</p><br>
<p>James Kent, American jurist and legal scholar</p><br>
<p>Jeremiah Mason, United States Senator</p><br>
<p>Noah Porter, president of Yale College</p><br>
<p>John William Sterling, lawyer and Yale benefactor</p><br>
<p>Noah Webster, author of the first American dictionary</p><br>
<p>Theodore Woolsey, president of Yale College</p><br>
<p>Eli Whitney, inventor of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin</p><br>
<p>The Neuquén River  is the second most important river of the province of Neuquén in the Argentine Patagonia, after the Limay River.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The river begins in the northwest of the province at an elevation of 2,300 m, to be fed by a number of streams through valleys of the lower Andes while advancing diagonally in southeast direction. Among these streams, some of them from draining of small lakes, are the Trocomán, Reñi Leuvü, Agrio and Nahueve.</p><br>
<p>Further down, its main tributaries are the rivers Varvarco, and Agrio, who provides almost a third of the Neuquén flow. Along its way the river receives some sediments from volcanoes Copahue and Domuyo that might sometimes affect the clarity of the otherwise clean waters.</p><br>
<p>After meeting the Agrio, the Neuquén river has no natural lakes that could regulate its flow, which results in sharp raises of level during thawing and rainy periods. A derivative channel towards the Pellegrini Lake in Río Negro Province has been built to compensate for abrupt changes in the flow, as well as the Cerros Colorados Complex, also used to generate hydroelectricity.</p><br>
<p>The average flow of the river is of 308 m3/s (measured at Paso de Indios), and its drainage basin covers about 50,774 km&sup2;. At its mouth at , the Neuquén meets the Limay River near the city of Neuquén, to form the Río Negro, which continues its way east towards the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Although not as famous as other fishing rivers in Patagonia, the river is also visited by fly fishing and spinning enthusiasts, as well as the two artificial lakes named Los Barreales and Mari Menuco, located by the river near the border with Río Negro Province. The main catch are trouts and Patagonian pejerrey.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson Avenue Historic District was formed in 1998 and encompasses all structures between 25th and 27th streets on Jefferson Avenue in Ogden, Utah.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the Jefferson Avenue area between 25th and 27th Streets was home to many wealthy Ogden residents. Many homes were built in a distinct Victorian style that also permeated the surrounding area. Owners included J.C. Armstrong/David Eccles, Hiram H. Spencer/William Eccles, David C. Eccles, Isadore Marks/Adam Patterson Sr., William Wattis, Louis Moench, Thomas Jordan Stevens, William V. Helfrich and Edmund T. Hulaniski.</p><br>
<p>As the children of the district grew up, many moved to newer homes in the Eccles Avenue Historic District to the east, which used primarily Prairie style architecture over the Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>Ogden grew significantly from 1910-1950, and the industrial center of the city moved toward the district. This led to its eventual decline as a prime residential area. Unfortunately, many of the homes on the 2600 block of Jefferson Avenue were demolished. During the 1960s through the 1990s, most of the homes were converted to lower-income multi-family residences. Currently, almost all have been reverted to single-family dwellings. This has restored much of the elegant style to the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Elaeus , the “Olive City”, was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, on the Thracian Chersonese. Elaeus was located at the southern end of the Hellespont  near the southernmost point of the Thracian Chersonese  in modern-day Turkey. According to the geographer Scymnus, Elaeus was founded by settlers from Ionian Teos.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The most important cities of the Chersonese were Lysimachia, Pactya, Gelibolu, Alokopennesos, Sestos, Madytos and Elaeus. The peninsula was renowned for its wheat. It also profited from its strategic location on the main trade route between Europe and Asia, as well as the possibility of controlling shipping to Crimea. For these reasons, Elaeus later received colonists from Athens, who built fortifications there.</p><br>
<p>The last resting place of the mythological hero Protesilaus was said to be at Elaeus, near a steep coastal cliff. According to Homer’s Iliad, Protesilaus was the first Greek to set foot on land during the Trojan War, for which - according to the will of the gods - he was also the first to die. His tomb at Elaeus lay on the European coast opposite Troy, and became a destination for pilgrimages by members of the cult of Protesilaus. Later, the temple housed votive offerings, and was surrounded by a settlement. In antiquity, the location was variously under Athenian, Persian, Spartan and later Macedonian control.</p><br>
<p>During the second Persian invasion of Greece (480 - 479 BCE), the Persian headquarters was temporarily located at Elaeus. Under Persian occupation, the governor Artayctes desecrated the sacred grove of Protesilaus. For this, he was captured and crucified in 479 BCE by the Athenian general Xanthippos, the father of Pericles. Elaeus belonged to the Delian League, and from 375 BCE to the Second Athenian Empire.</p><br>
<p>A stele dating from the year 340 BCE, at which time Elaeus was governed by Athens, contains an inscription in Ionian script. The stele proclaimed that the Athenians gave certain privileges, such as political rights and ownership of property, to the people of Elaeus, and that the Athenian general Chares was charged with watching over them.</p><br>
<p>Alexander the Great is said to have visited Elaeus at the start of his Persian campaign in the spring of 334 BCE, in order to visit the temple of Protesilaus. Here he made an offering, before crossing the Dardanelles, and himself becoming the first of his army to set foot in Asia.</p><br>
<p>Imperial coins were struck at Elaeus in the time of the Roman emperor Commodus, of which a few remain. They depict Protesilaus as a warrior standing on the bow of a ship, ready to be the first to spring onto the enemy shore.</p><br>
<p>During the First World War, French and British troops temporarily occupied Cape Helles and Morto Bay. French soldiers plundered the region of ancient Elaeus. The French army brought five sarcophagi, jewellery, ancient pottery and other objects to Paris, which are now displayed in the Louvre. The area around Elaeus was subsequently destroyed by the intense fighting and artillery bombardments.</p><br>
<p>Half Moon Island is a minor Antarctic island, lying 1.35 km north of Burgas Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 171 hectare. The Argentine Cámara Base is located on the island. It is only accessible by sea and by helicopter; there is no airport of any kind. The naval base is operational occasionally during the summer, but is closed during the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Plants found on the island include several lichen and moss species as well as Antarctic Hairgrass.</p><br>
<p>The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of about 100 pairs of south polar skuas. Other birds nesting on the island include chinstrap penguins (2000 pairs), Antarctic terns (125 pairs), kelp gulls (40 pairs), Wilson&#39;s and black-bellied storm petrels, Cape petrels, brown skuas, snowy sheathbills and imperial shags.</p><br>
<p>Weddell and Antarctic fur seals regularly haul out on the beaches. Southern elephant seals have been recorded. Whales are often seen patrolling the shores.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The island is used as a stop during Antarctic cruises, with the peak of visitation during November–March. There is a 2,000 m walking track on the southern part of the Island which allows tourists to get a close view of the wildlife (mainly chinstrap penguins and skuas), and of the surrounding mountainous scenery of nearby Livingston and Greenwich Islands. The path begins on the south side of Menguante Cove, runs westwards along the beach to Cámara Base, then turns north along the head of Menguante Cove, and eventually ascends northeastwards to the top of Xenia Hill.</p><br>
<h3>Google Street View</h3><br>
<p>In September 2010, Google added Street View imagery of Half Moon Island to its Google Earth and Google Maps services. The expansion of Google Street View onto the island means all seven continents had imagery through the service. As the island has no roads, the images appear to have been taken with a camera on a tripod. The shadow of the photographer can clearly be seen if one were to move the view so as to look at the ground. Also, the iconic Pegman from Google was replaced with a Penguin, due to the island&#39;s use as a breeding colony by them. The penguin has since been changed back to Pegman though.</p><br>
<p>Haafeva is a small island in the Haʻapai group of Tonga, but still the main island of the Lulunga archipelago. Kolongatata is the name commonly given to the village on Haafeva and is a reference to Haafeva&#39;s exposure to strong winds. The inhabited area of Haafeva can be divided into Hahake, Hihifo, Tua Kolo, Loto Kolo and Uta. The Island has a population of about 300 people.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Haafeva is located 42 km southwest of Pangai in the Haapai group of islands at Latitude (DMS) 19° 56&#39; 60 S and Longitude (DMS) 174° 43&#39; 0 W.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is the home estate of chiefly line of Tuuhetoka, (now merged with Lasike). It was Moatunu, one of their ancestors who once saved Tāufaāhau I from losing a decisive battle and even death at the Battle of Velata in 1826. When Tāufaāhau had come to Haafeva to ask the chief for help with his war against Laufilitonga, the last Tui Tonga to be, initially the chief did not want to help him, having his allegiance with the other. But when his sister threatened to go instead, he switched loyalty, and fought close to Tāufaāhau. Then the latter was hit on the head by several attackers and lay unconscious on the ground. The Haafeva chief fought off all the enemies until Tāufaāhau became conscious again. Later this warrior was named "Tuu-he-toka" meaning "Standing while the chief is sleeping". Interesting note: if Tāufaāhau would have been a commoner instead of a chief, the proper term would be tuu-he-mohe; if he would already have been king, tuu-he-tōfā would have to be used.</p><br>
<p>It is also of note that the area around the island was the site of the 1789 Mutiny on the Bounty.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Haafeva is home to an excavation site dubbed &#39;Mele Havea&#39; site after Mele Havea whose house is nearby. Hundreds of pieces of early Eastern Lapita pottery were unearthed at this site in 1996 and 1997 along with various other artifacts of early settlement of the Island. Carbon dating places these artifacts at approximately 2690 to 2490 years BP.</p><br>
<h2>Recent events</h2><br>
<p>Haafeva was to have been the destination of the ill-fated MV Princess Ashika, an inter-island ferry which sank on 5 August 2009 tragically claiming many lives. Most of those who were killed were women and children as it is usual in Tonga for men to sleep outside on the deck of the boats while the children and women are sheltered inside.</p><br>
<p>Dodd is a small fell in the Lake District, Cumbria, England, four kilometres north-west of Keswick. It forms part of the Skiddaw range in the northern part of the national park and the slopes are heavily wooded.</p><br>
<h2>Forestry</h2><br>
<p>Dodd lies on Forestry Commission land known as Dodd Wood; for many years it was extensively planted with conifers right up to the summit which obstructed the view. However, the Commission started a programme of tree clearance from the top of the fell in 2001 and the summit of the fell is now clear; it is hoped that it will revert to heather moorland in years to come. Influential guidebook author Alfred Wainwright voiced strong opposition to the afforestation of Dodd in his Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells in 1962; it took 40 years for his wishes to come true.</p><br>
<h2>Height</h2><br>
<p>The fell has a height of 502 metres, though the Ordnance Survey&#39;s 1:50,000 Landranger series marks a spot height of 491 metres. This height in fact refers to a point about 100 metres south of the true summit; on closer inspection a 500 m ring contour may be discerned at the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>In common with much of the Northern Fells the Kirk Stile Formation of the Skiddaw Group predominates. This is composed of laminated mudstone and siltstone with greywacke sandstone and is of Ordovician age. There are minor intrusions of lamprophyre.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>In recent years Dodd and Dodd Wood have become a magnet for visitors as the area around the southern end of Bassenthwaite Lake is home to one of the only four pairs of nesting Ospreys in northern England, the other three being at Kielder Forest in Northumberland. An open-air viewing platform was opened on the slopes of Dodd in June 2001 which gives a clear view of the nest from a safe distance. Dodd Wood is one of the diminishing strongholds of the Red Squirrel in Great Britain and the Forestry Commission, along with the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, have begun a campaign of protection from the Grey Squirrel.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Dodd is generally climbed from the car park at the Old Sawmill tea room (grid reference: ) on the A591 road, opposite the Mirehouse; there is a waymarked route right up to the summit of the fell. It is possible to continue the walk from Dodd to take in the adjoining fell of Carl Side and then continue to the summit of Skiddaw, one of England’s few 3,000-foot mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The top of the fell is marked by a stone memorial pillar with a brass plaque that says "In memory of John Lole and Ian Sandelands, Ist Seaton Scout Group". The view from the top is excellent for a fell of modest height, encompassing the entirety of Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water as well as the high mountains of Scafell Pike, Great Gable and Bowfell 21 km away to the south; the hills of Dumfries and Galloway are also visible to the north-west.</p><br>
<h2>Skiddaw Hermit</h2><br>
<p>In the 1860s, Dodd was home to a Scottish hermit called George Smith, who became known as the Skiddaw Hermit. He lived on a ledge on the fell in a wigwam type tent made from a framework of branches and built against a low stone wall. He stayed there in all weathers because he liked the outdoor life. He earned money by painting portraits and doing character assessment at local fairs. A short book was written about him in 1996 called the "Skiddaw Hermit" by Mary E. Burkett.</p><br>
<p>Bristol Castle was a Norman castle built for the defence of Bristol. Remains can be seen today in Castle Park near the Broadmead Shopping Centre, including the sally port.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first castle built at Bristol was a timber motte and bailey, presumably erected on the command of William the Conqueror, who owned Bristol. One of Williams closest allies, Geoffrey de Montbray, Bishop of Coutances, appears to have had control of the castle in Williams name. The Domesday Book notes that he received part of the king&#39;s income from the borough. The castle is first mentioned in 1088, when Geoffrey used it as a base in his rebellion against William Rufus.</p><br>
<p>After William triumphed, the English lands of the rebels were redistributed to his loyal followers. Among them was Robert Fitzhamon, who gained a large swathe of Gloucestershire, including Bristol Castle. His eldest daughter Mabel married Robert, illegitimate son of Henry I. She brought him the honour of Gloucester on the death of her father in 1107. So he is generally known as Robert of Gloucester.</p><br>
<p>By this time many of the first wave of Norman timber castles were being replaced in stone. Bristol Castle was a fine example with curtain walls and a great keep. It seems that Robert of Gloucester was the man responsible. The castle was built on a strategic site to the east of the town, between the River Avon and the River Frome, which was partly diverted to form the castle moat.</p><br>
<p>This great fortress was to play a key role in the civil wars that followed the death of Henry I of England.</p><br>
<p>Henrys only legitimate son William drowned in 1120, so Henry eventually declared his one legitimate daughter Matilda his heir. However her cousin, Stephen of Blois usurped the throne on Henrys death in 1135. Matilda&#39;s half-brother Robert of Gloucester became her trusted right-hand man – the commander of her troops. Rebels rallied to his castle at Bristol.</p><br>
<p>Stephen reconnoitred Bristol in 1138 but decided that the town was impregnable. As his chronicler reported: "On one side of it, where it is considered more exposed to siege and more accessible, a castle rising on a vast mound, strengthened by wall and battlements, towers and divers engines, prevents an enemy&#39;s approach." After Stephen was captured in 1141, he was imprisoned in Bristol Castle until Robert of Gloucester was also captured and an exchange of prisoners was made.</p><br>
<p>The castle and title of Earl of Gloucester passed to Robert&#39;s son, William. When Henry the Young King and his brother – princes Richard and Geoffrey – rebelled against King Henry II in 1173 Earl William supported their cause. The rebellion was put down the following year, and William was punished by having Bristol Castle confiscated and taken under royal control. Bristol became one of the most important royal castles in the country. Henry III, educated there in his youth, spent lavishly on it, adding a barbican before the main west gate, a gate tower, and magnificent great hall. From 1224, Eleanor of Brittany was strictly confined to the castle under relatively comfortable conditions, with accommodation in the keep.</p><br>
<p>The two young sons of Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the last princes of Gwynedd, were imprisoned for life in Bristol Castle after Edward Is conquest of Wales in 1283. William le Scrope, Sir John Bussy and Sir Henry Green were executed there without trial in June 1399 by the Duke of Hereford, soon to be King Henry IV of England, after the latters successful return from exile.</p><br>
<p>The first detailed description of the castle was written in 1480. By the time the antiquary John Leland visited c.1540, Bristol castle was showing signs of neglect. It had "two courts, and in the north-west part of the outer court there is a large keep with a dungeon, said to have been built of stone brought by the red Earl of Gloucester from Caen in Normandy. In the other court is an attractive church and many domestic quarters, with a great gate on the south side, a stone bridge and three ramparts on the left bank leading to the mouth of the Frome. Many towers still stand in both the courts, but they are all on the point of collapse.".</p><br>
<p>By the sixteenth century the castle had fallen into disuse, but the City authorities had no control over royal property and the precincts became a refuge for lawbreakers. In 1630 the city bought the castle and when the Civil War broke out the city took the Parliamentary side and partly restored the castle. However Royalist troops occupied Bristol and eventually Oliver Cromwell ordered the destruction of the castle.</p><br>
<p>The castle was demolished in 1656, according to Millerd&#39;s map of Bristol (above right). However one octagonal tower survived until it was torn down in 1927. It was sketched by Samuel Loxton in 1907. There are some remains of the banqueting hall incorporated in a building which still exists above ground today, known as the Castle Vaults. In 1938 the Castle Vaults was used as a tobacconists shop.</p><br>
<p>The castle moat was covered over in 1847 but still exists and is mainly navigable by boat, flowing under Castle Park and into the Floating Harbour. The western section is a dry ditch and a sally port into the moat survives near St Peter&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>The area was redeveloped for commerce, and later largely destroyed in the Bristol Blitz. It was subsequently redeveloped as a public open space, Castle Park.</p><br>
<p>A 16 m long postern tunnel runs underneath the south west part of the castle.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>Lake Villarrica, also known as Mallalafquén , is located about 700 kilometers south of Santiago in Chile’s Lake District in the southeast area of the Province of Cautín. On its east shore lies the city of Pucón, a major tourist attraction and a popular ski resort, and on the west shore lies the town of Villarrica.</p><br>
<p>Water sports such as sailing, kayaking, sport fishing and water skiing are popular in the summer due to the lake&#39;s warm waters (surface temperatures range from 19 to 22 °C). In winter, the average water temperature is around 10 °C.</p><br>
<p>The Villarrica Volcano, one of the ten most active in the world, is situated to the south of the lake. There are two Chile National Parks close by: the Huerquehue and the Villarrica. The latter is famous for its natural hot springs.</p><br>
<p>Mount Smolikas  is a mountain in the Ioannina regional unit, northwestern Greece. At a height of 2,637 metres above sea level, it is the highest of the Pindus Mountains, and the second highest mountain in Greece after Mount Olympus. The mountain consists of ophiolite rocks. During several periods in the Pleistocene the northern and eastern cirques and valleys were glaciated. The last glaciers of this area retreated around 11,500 years ago. It is drained by the river Aoos to the south, and the river Vourkopotamo  to the north. There is a small alpine lake called "Drakolimni Smolika" near the summit, at about 2200 m elevation. Nearby mountain ranges are Tymfi to the south, Gramos to the northwest, Vasilitsa to the southeast and Voio to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The higher elevations, above 2000 m, consist of grasslands and rocks, and there are deciduous and conifer forests at lower elevations. The mountain lies completely within the municipality of Konitsa, the main villages around the mountain being Agia Paraskevi to the north, and Palaioselli, Pades and Armata to the south. The town Konitsa lies 15 km southwest of Smolikas. The Greek National Road 20 (Kozani - Siatista - Konitsa - Ioannina) passes west of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Kaweah Peaks Ridge is a spur of the Great Western Divide, a sub-range of California&#39;s Sierra Nevada.</p><br>
<p>The ridge is located at approximately in Sequoia National Park and is composed of mostly rugged and loose metamorphic rock.</p><br>
<p>There are several officially named peaks along the ridge:</p><br>
<p>* Black Kaweah (13,686+ ft / 4,172+ m)</p><br>
<p>* Kaweah Queen (13,388 ft / 4,081 m)</p><br>
<p>* Mount Kaweah (13,807 ft / 4,208 m)</p><br>
<p>* Red Kaweah, (13,726+ ft / 4184+ m)</p><br>
<p>The peaks, 20 mi by trail from any road, are south of the Kings-Kaweah Divide, east of the Great Western Divide and, despite their name, are in the Kern watershed, not the Kaweah watershed. There are many high alpine lakes surrounding the peaks in Nine Lake Basin to the west and Kaweah Basin to the east. Visitors are rare due to the isolated location, but the Kaweah Peaks offer tranquil camping, fishing and high alpine mountaineering. For the most part, the rock is loose and volcanic.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bear is a high, glaciated peak in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska. It lies within Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park, about 4 miles  west of the Yukon border. The Barnard Glacier flows from its southwest slopes, while the Klutlan Glacier lies to the north. Its principal claim to fame is that it is a fourteener, and in fact one of the highest 20 peaks in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Despite its height, Mount Bear is a little-visited peak, being surrounded by higher and better-known peaks such as Mount Bona on the west, and Mount Lucania and Mount Logan on the east. However it is a large peak even in relative terms: for example, the drop from the summit to the Barnard Glacier is 8,000 ft in less than 5 miles (8 km), and 10,000 ft in less than 12 miles (19.3 km).</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<p>Mount Alverstone or Boundary Peak 180, is a high peak in the Saint Elias Mountains, on the border between Alaska and Yukon. It shares a large massif with the higher Mount Hubbard to the south and the slightly lower Mount Kennedy to the east. The summit of Mount Alverstone marks a sharp turn in the Alaska/Canada border; the border goes south from this point toward the Alaska panhandle and west toward Mount Saint Elias.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was named in 1908 for Lord Richard Everard Webster Alverstone, Lord Chief Justice of England, 1900–13, and Boundary Commissioner in 1903. He served on various arbitration commissions including the one dealing with the Bering Sea Fur seal controversy. In the Alaska boundary dispute in 1903, his vote was the deciding one against Canadian claims.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Alverstone was first climbed in 1951 by a party led by Walter Wood, during an expedition that also made the first ascent of Mount Hubbard. The successful climbs were tinged by tragedy when, upon returning from the peaks, Wood learned that his wife Foresta and daughter Valerie had died in a plane crash nearby along with their pilot. Mount Foresta, near Mount Alverstone, is named in her honor.</p><br>
<h2>Location and geographic data</h2><br>
<p>Choiseul lies to the north-west, Malaita to the south-east. The Pacific Ocean lies to the north, and Guadalcanal (Isatabu) to the south.</p><br>
<p>The highest point in Santa Isabel is Mount Sasari, 1220 meters (3675 ft). River Marutho runs down that mountain into the ocean at Hofi. Almost all the rivers or streams run down that center point except for those at the other tip of the Island, Katova side.</p><br>
<p>The administrative centre is Buala. The nearest airport is Fera Airport on neighbouring Fera Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European contact to the Solomon Islands was made at Santa Isabel Island, by the Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña on 7 February 1568. It was charted as Santa Isabel de la Estrella (St. Elizabeth of the Star of Bethlehem in Spanish). A settlement was established by the Spaniards, and a small boat (known in the accounts as "the brigantine") was built to survey and chart the surrounding sea and islands. These local explorations led by Maestre de Campo Pedro Ortega Valencia and Alférez Hernando Enríquez resulted in the discoveries of the islands of Malaita, Guadalcanal, Savo, Vangunu, Choiseul, Makira, Ulawa, Malaupaina, Malaulalo, Aliite, and Ugi Island. The Spanish immediately came into contact with Solomon Islanders and at first the relationship was cordial. However, the Spanish expeditions need for fresh food and water quickly led to tension and conflict, the Solomon Islanders’ subsistence economy being unable to provide continuous supplies to the Spanish.</p><br>
<p>Having found no gold and little food, and beset by attacks and sickness, the Spanish colonists shifted their colony to the site of today&#39;s Honiara on Guadalcanal, and the settlement on Santa Isabel was abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Santa Isabel islanders suffered attacks from blackbirding in the nineteenth century (the often brutal recruitment or kidnapping of labourers for the sugar plantations in Queensland and Fiji).</p><br>
<p>In April 1885 a German Protectorate was declared over the North Solomon Islands, including Santa Isabel Island. In 1900, under the terms of Treaty of Berlin (14 November 1899), Germany transferred the North Solomon Islands (except for Bougainville and its surrounding islands) to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate in exchange for the British giving up all claims to Samoa. Missionaries settled on Santa Isabel Island under both protectorates, converting most of the population to Christianity. In the early 20th century several British and Australian firms began large-scale coconut planting.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Navy established a seaplane base at Rekata Bay on the northeast coast. The base was bombed by American forces from August 1942 to August 1943. In the following month, the Japanese evacuated the base.</p><br>
<p>With the independence of the Solomon Islands in July 1978, Santa Isabel Island has been administered as part of Isabel Province.</p><br>
<p>In May 27, 2011, 17 men were arrested for burning down the houses in Ulubea riverside settlement, 33 houses in all, as a result of a property dispute. The number was later expanded to 31.</p><br>
<h2>Languages</h2><br>
<p>The population of Santa Isabel speak as many as eight languages in addition to English and Solomon Islands Pijin.</p><br>
<p>Blablanga language</p><br>
<p>Bughotu language</p><br>
<p>Cheke Holo language formerly called Marine or Maringe</p><br>
<p>Gao language</p><br>
<p>Kokota language</p><br>
<p>Laghu language (extinct)</p><br>
<p>Zabana language</p><br>
<p>Zazao language</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Geoffrey M. White, Identity through History; Living Stories in a Solomon Islands Society, Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology Series (No. 83)</p><br>
